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The conventional treatment for diarrhea is antibiotics. However, overuse and misuse of antibiotics has enabled pathogens to adapt, causing global antibiotic resistance and proliferation of extended\u2010spectrum \u00df\u2010lactamase\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ESBL\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which causes diarrhea and high levels of inflammatory cytokines. Apo\u2010taat, consisting of equal proportions of\n                    <jats:italic>Phyllanthus emblica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Caesalpinia sappan<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has been used to treat diarrhea and bloody diarrhea. Its antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ATCC 25922 has been reported, but its inhibitory effect against ESBL\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    has yet to be documented. This study investigated the antibacterial effect of Apo\u2010taat extract against ESBL\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its anti\u2010inflammatory activity. Antibacterial activity was determined by the microtiter plate\u2013based method. HPLC was used to determine the brazilin and gallic acid contents in Apo\u2010taat extract. Effects of herbal extracts on nitric oxide, IL\u20106, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were investigated in RAW 264.7 cells. Results were that Apo\u2010taat extract showed MIC values against ESBL\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the range of 0.625 to 2.5\u2009mg\/mL. Its 50% inhibitory concentration against nitric oxide and IL\u20106 production was 83.96\u2009\u00b1\u200910.60 and 83.06\u2009\u00b1\u20092.07\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively, and it had slight inhibition against TNF\u2010\u03b1. These findings suggest that Apo\u2010taat may have an antibacterial impact on ESBL\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and anti\u2010inflammatory activity. Furthermore, safety and clinical trials should be conducted in the future.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tswj\/6151640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T05:48:11Z","timestamp":1738561691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti\u2010Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Herbal Formulation Called Apo\u2010Taat Using Extended\u2010Spectrum \u00df\u2010Lactamase\u2010Producing\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6691-769X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanakan","family":"Kitnithiprapha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1762-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumalee","family":"Panthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6538-6245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Intouch","family":"Sakpakdeejaroen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5451-8548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumalee","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200305000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mib.0000000000000504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","volume-title":"Bacterial Gastroenteritis. 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