{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T06:58:52Z","timestamp":1785135532192,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":206,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In endemic countries, people remain at risk of contracting both malaria and typhoid concurrently. Though experimental animal models are very reliable for understanding human diseases, the rat model for\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium\u2013Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      coinfection remains underresearched.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was performed to characterize the rat model of malaria\u2013typhoid coinfection focusing on physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010four Wistar rats were distributed into five groups including normal control, immunosuppressed,\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010infected,\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010infected, and\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella\u2013Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010coinfected. Physical signs, mobility, and the fecal appearance of animals were observed.\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      load was monitored through microscopic Giemsa\u2010staining thin blood smears. Concurrently,\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      load was evaluated after feces culture in\n                      <jats:italic>Shigella\u2013Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      agar medium based on the McFarland turbidity to determine the number of colony\u2010forming units. Hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed using an automatic hematology analyzer and a spectrophotometer, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All the infected animals exhibited at least one clinical sign including piloerection, eye depigmentation, or hyperthermia. Coinfected animals showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis compared with monoinfected animals. A significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) drop in total blood proteins and cholesterol levels was observed in infected rats, with a remarkable decrease in\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella\u2013Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010coinfected rats, whereas transaminase levels significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) increased in the same coinfected group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This model provides many important features of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sequential coinfection and therefore may be used as a tool to better understand, diagnose, and care for human malaria and\/or typhoid pathogenesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/tswj\/6174005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:59:53Z","timestamp":1785131993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical Signs and Hematological and Biochemical Alterations in\n                    <i>Salmonella\u2013Plasmodium<\/i>\n                    Sequentially Coinfected Albino Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4586-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omer B\u00e9b\u00e9","family":"Ngouateu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5685-9285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raceline Gounoue","family":"Kamkumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3642-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Keilah","family":"Lunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich K\u00e9vin Kento","family":"Temfack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9on Daniel Kede","family":"Kede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6788-0351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert Donatien","family":"Atsamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2327-6914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius Jaures Tsakem","family":"Nangap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5315-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Dzeufiet","family":"Djomeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blaise","family":"Dondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7544-427X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Kamtchouing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809633-8.20088-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/531074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2015\/1633"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.92237"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1996-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7207a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Co-Infection of Typhoid and Malaria","volume":"2","author":"Pradhan P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Laboratory and Diagnosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9101316"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82330-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"Concurrent Malaria and Typhoid Fever in the Tropics: The Diagnostic Challenges and Public Health Implications","volume":"45","author":"Uneke C. 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