{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:40:35Z","timestamp":1773009635743,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1612.1\/UN10.C10\/TU\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1612.1\/UN10.C10\/TU\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32\/IV\/KS\/06\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32\/IV\/KS\/06\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Curcuma xanthorrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a commonly used Indonesian medicinal plant, has been widely utilized in traditional remedies, yet its antiviral potential against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 remains poorly defined. The current study was aimed at investigating the effect of\n                    <jats:italic>C. xanthorrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    ethanol extract on inhibiting viral entry through in silico and in vitro studies. The active compounds of\n                    <jats:italic>C. xanthorrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    were characterized using liquid chromatography\u2013high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (LC\u2010HRMS). The identified compounds were screened according to the Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, and Egan rules, and their antiviral activity was predicted using the PASS server. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were employed to determine binding affinity and stability between the selected compounds and the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Spike D614G protein. The virus\u2010like particle (VLP) of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 G614D was produced in HEK\u2010293T cells via cotransfection of plasmids encoding spike\u2010EGFP, membrane, and envelope proteins, and its morphology was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of\n                    <jats:italic>C. xanthorrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract on 16HBE14o\u2010 cells was analyzed using the WST\u20101 method. 16HBE14o\u2010 cells were exposed to VLP and treated with\n                    <jats:italic>C. xanthorrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 2.5, 5, 10, 40, and 125\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL for 24 and 48\u2009h. The EGFP intensity of VLP\u2010internalized cells was assessed through fluorescent microscopy. Curcumin, curcumin II, piperine, (+)\u2010ar\u2010turmerone, and peruvinine showed the strongest binding affinities (\u22127.5 to \u22126.2\u2009kcal\/mol), while curcumin, curcumin II, and (+)\u2010ar\u2010turmerone exhibited the most stable binding interactions. TEM confirmed successful VLP formation with a mean diameter of 52.94 \u00b1 27.32\u2009nm, and the IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of the extract was 125\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>C. xanthorrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract at 2.5\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL significantly reduced VLP internalization after 24\u2009h. These findings highlight\n                    <jats:italic>C. xanthorrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a promising natural candidate for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 inhibition, supported by consistent computational and experimental evidence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tswj\/8681808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:54:37Z","timestamp":1773003277000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inhibitory Effect of\n                    <i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza<\/i>\n                    Extract Against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 D614G Virus\u2010Like Particle (VLP): Implications for COVID\u201019 Therapy Development"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1577-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miftahul","family":"Mushlih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7955-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlita","family":"Bemova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5362-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hagar Ali","family":"Marzouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9554-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kavana Hafil","family":"Kusuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4079-1013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilmiana Nurur","family":"Rohmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8328-0287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur","family":"Fitriana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4773-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Prima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9185-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyun Ika","family":"Christina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1971-0284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinia Rizqi","family":"Dwijayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6258-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dewi","family":"Mustikaningtyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-498X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nashi","family":"Widodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1245-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Sasmito","family":"Djati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9100-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sri","family":"Widyarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5731-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhaimin","family":"Rifa\u2019i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041225"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21118-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165878"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.14.SPL1.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.12.148726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2021.13.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26655\/JMCHEMSCI.2024.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33369\/bjp.v1i1.15589"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14499\/indonesianjcanchemoprev13iss3pp166-174"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7897\/2277-4343.120385"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9960813"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31604\/jpm.v4i3.910-917"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32502\/msj.v3i1.3868"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21070\/medicra.v6i1.1703"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2023.15.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56499\/jppres22.1448_10.6.1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-022-02921-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42717"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56499\/jppres21.1092_9.6.824"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2020.100016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx333"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu426"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa235"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-016-0356-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/438356"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","first-page":"606","article-title":"Standardization and Phytochemical Studies of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb","volume":"4","author":"Halim M. R. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22311866.2013.782757"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091196"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC131.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-022-00660-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020371"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-588-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app122110821"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78656-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00862"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060554"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.57309"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21776\/ub.jels.2024.014.03.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26538\/tjnpr\/v9i10.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.14.7369-7378.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158579"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/ahsr.k.211105.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.20105114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111725"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13101914"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43014-019-0009-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Phthalate Contamination of Some Plants and Herbal Products","volume":"17","author":"Omidpanah S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159516"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578x1801301204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6745"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61662-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.672629"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226900"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1868338"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42250-022-00410-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v13i4.5781"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.669362"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119264"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031771"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46729\/ijstm.v4i4.905"}],"container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tswj\/8681808","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/tswj\/8681808","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tswj\/8681808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:54:39Z","timestamp":1773003279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/tswj\/8681808"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Morteza","family":"Tayebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/tswj\/8681808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/tswj\/8681808","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2356-6140","1537-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2356-6140","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8681808"}}