{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T05:54:15Z","timestamp":1792994055834,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":215,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Graphene oxide (GO), a two\u2010dimensional carbon nanomaterial, exhibits a large surface area, rich oxygen\u2010containing functionalities, and favorable aqueous dispersibility, making it a suitable platform for drug delivery. However, traditional covalent modification strategies frequently involve multistep procedures or the use of hazardous organic solvents. In this study, GO was functionalized via a novel green strategy: Diels\u2013Alder (DA) cycloaddition of maleic anhydride (MA) utilizing deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a sustainable reaction medium. The resulting GO\u2010PEG nanocarriers, formed through subsequent esterification with poly(ethylene glycol) lithium alkoxide, were thoroughly characterized by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and TGA. This DES\u2010based approach distinguishes itself from prior DA functionalizations by offering an environmentally benign pathway that maintains high grafting efficiency without the need for toxic volatile media. The optimized DOX\/GO\u2010PEG nanohybrids exhibited a high doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity of 128.4\u2009wt.% at a feed ratio of 150:1 (DOX\/GO\u2010PEG, w\/w) and demonstrated pH\u2010responsive drug release\u201477.3% at pH\u20095.0 and 36.3% at pH\u20097.4 after 72\u2009h. Cytotoxicity studies showed that GO\u2010PEG exhibited negligible toxicity to HEK293 cells, whereas DOX\/GO\u2010PEG induced potent, dose\u2010dependent cytotoxicity in HeLa cancer cells. Confocal imaging confirmed DOX nuclear accumulation in treated HeLa cells. This study provides a first\u2010time demonstration of DES\u2010mediated DA PEGylation on GO, establishing a high\u2010efficiency and eco\u2010friendly framework for advanced nanocarrier synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tswj\/9094354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:26:58Z","timestamp":1785907618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Green PEGylation of Graphene Oxide via Diels\u2013Alder Chemistry in Deep Eutectic Solvents for pH\u2010Responsive Doxorubicin Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5824-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Nhat Thang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thao Quynh 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