{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T13:07:45Z","timestamp":1781269665841,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and potential risk factors of camel brucellosis and to assess public health awareness of the disease in the selected kebele of Arero District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 313 blood samples were collected from selected camels using a systematic random sampling technique. The serum samples underwent initial screening for brucellosis using the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), with further confirmation through the indirect enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent Assay (i\u2010ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of camel brucellosis was 7.66% using RBPT and 2.24% using i\u2010ELISA. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations; female camels (OR\u2009=\u200930.16,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.05) and mixing camels with other animal species (OR\u2009=\u20090.019,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001 by i\u2010ELISA) were significantly linked to camel seropositivity for Brucella infection. Assessment of public health perception and awareness from 227 owners indicated limited awareness; most respondents lacked knowledge about brucellosis (94.27%), 82.82% were unaware of raw meat risks, 94.27% did not know about brucellosis being zoonotic, and 18.94% consumed raw milk with blood. The majority (94.71%) practiced bare\u2010handed calving, with 93.39% handling abortion materials, rarely isolating infected camels. The study found a moderate prevalence of brucellosis among camels in the study areas. Lack of implemented control strategies, combined with local pastoral practices, could potentially contribute to disease spread. Therefore, there should be continuous efforts of the disease control strategy at the animal level, community awareness creation, separation of infected camels from health heard, and avoiding mixing a camel with other animal species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/vmi\/3722054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T05:39:38Z","timestamp":1736487578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Camel Brucellosis: Seroprevalence, Associated Risk Factor, and Public Health Perceptions in Arero District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Wario Waji","family":"Edema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemechu Chala","family":"Hunderra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3972-0016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan Abda","family":"Neja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1010580416485"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","unstructured":"Faostat Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) 2024 https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#search\/camels."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","article-title":"CSA (Central Statistical Authority). 2004\u20132020","author":"Csa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annual Agricultural Sample Survey Report Series (From 2004 to 2020)"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","unstructured":"MegersaB. TemesgenW. AmenuK.et al. Camels in Ethiopia: An Overview of Demography Productivity Socio-Economic Value and Diseases 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","unstructured":"BiffaD. Camel and the Changing System of Borena Pastoral Production."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104708"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/isbn.978-3-8055-4065-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","volume-title":"Milk And Meat from the Camel: Handbook on Products and Processing: Vdf Hochschulverlag AG","author":"Abdurahman O. A. S.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3362\/9781780441153"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Pastoral Management for Protecting Ecological Balance in Halaib District, Red Sea Province, Sudan","author":"Abbas B.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nomadic Peoples"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2007.19.3.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","unstructured":"SeimenisA. ArajG. F. Moriy\u00f3nI. andTabbaaD. Brucellosis Prevention and Control in the Mediterranean and the Middle East Regions-A Guidance towards Approaching the Targets 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.923657"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02283-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/qas.v14i3.1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2023.2248233"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7030103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773212y.0000000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2024.102257"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Camel Brucellosis: its Public Health and Economic Impact in Pastoralists, Mehoni District, Southeastern Tigray, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Habtamu T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","article-title":"Brucella Exposure in Camels and Health Impact in Lega Hida, Ethiopia: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Public Perception","author":"Aliyi S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","volume-title":"Sero-Prevalence of Brucellosis in Camels and Febrile Human Patients Attending Health Facilities in Selected Districts of Eastern Ethiopia","author":"Jafer M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","volume-title":"Medicine and Surgery of Camelids","author":"Fowler M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2003.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39497.500903.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Camel Brucellosis and Management Practices in Jijiga and Babile Districts, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Tilahun B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factor of Brucellosis in Dromedaries in Selected Pastoral Districts of Afar, Northeastern Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Zeru F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prevalence"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-89"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","unstructured":"ScholarE. T.andTarekegnH. T. Sero-epidemiological Study of Camel Brucellosis in Mehoni District South Eastern Tigray Ethiopia."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2325-9590.1000109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","volume-title":"Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Camel (Camelus Dromedaries) Brucellosis in and Around Dire Dawa, Ethiopia","author":"Warsame I.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/ijlr.20161118073604"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_2","volume-title":"Sero-epidemiological Study of Brucellosis in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Borena Lowland Pastoral Areas, Southern Ethiopia","author":"Bekele M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_2","article-title":"Sero-prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Camel Brucellosis in Southern Lowland of Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Jara R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19026\/ijava.5.5581"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/ijlr.20130305064802"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_2","first-page":"269","article-title":"Sero-epidemiology of Camel Brucellosis in the Afar Region of Northeast Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Hadush A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_2","volume-title":"Brucellosis as a Zoonosis in Chifra District, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia","author":"Ahmed E. Y.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5482725"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_2","volume-title":"Arero District Livestock and Resources Development Bureau","author":"Adlrdb","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118280249"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_2","volume-title":"Veterinary Epidemiologic Research","author":"Dohoo I. R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-525"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_2","volume-title":"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals: 2004: OIE. Office International des \u00e9pizooties","author":"\u00e9pizooties O. O. i. d.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/bahpa.v56i4.43310"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Review on Epidemiology of Camel and Human Brucellosis in East Africa, Igad Member Countries","volume":"6","author":"Wakene W. Z.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008461"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Camel Brucellosis in Ethiopia: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factor","volume":"3","author":"Wario W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Healthcare"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-5877(02)00055-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1276275"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_2","volume-title":"Brucellosis in Ethiopia: Epidemiology and Public Health Significance","author":"Edao B. M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/61325"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268899004501"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29063\/ajrh2018\/v22i3.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_2","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Camel Brucellosis in Yabello District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"Admasu P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.1.2193"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8070137"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1664-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13095"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9748-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.14.3.860"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_2","volume-title":"Brucellosis in Humans and Animals","author":"Corbel M. J.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(06)70382-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_2","unstructured":"Kang\u2019etheE. K. ArimiS. OmoreA. O.et al. The Prevalence of Antibodies to Brucella Abortus in Marketed Milk in Kenya and its Public Health Implications 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v12i4.54709"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/vmi\/3722054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/vmi\/3722054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/vmi\/3722054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:20:22Z","timestamp":1772958022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/vmi\/3722054"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ortega-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/vmi\/3722054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/vmi\/3722054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-8113","2042-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-8113","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3722054"}}