{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:40:55Z","timestamp":1790181655907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":144,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015747","name":"University Grants Commission of Bangladesh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"\n This pioneering study in Bangladesh combines phenotypic and genotypic approaches to characterize antibiotic\u2010resistant bacteria in dairy farm wastewater, addressing a critical gap in regional antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research. Dairy farming is integral to global food production, yet the wastewater generated by these operations is a significant source of environmental and public health concerns, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to isolate and identify antibiotic\u2010resistant bacteria from dairy farm wastewater and evaluate their antibiogram profiles to inform effective management strategies. A total of 60 wastewater samples were collected and subjected to conventional bacterial characterization, followed by molecular detection via PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study identified\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (35%),\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (30%),\n Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n (16.67%), and\n Acinetobacter junii<\/jats:italic>\n (8.33%) as the predominant bacterial species. Sequencing results demonstrated high compatibility with reference sequences, confirming the identities of the isolates. Antibiogram analysis revealed significant resistance patterns:\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited the highest resistance to penicillin (85.71%) and amoxicillin (76.19%), while demonstrating greater sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole\n . E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n showed notable resistance to penicillin (88.89%), amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone, while\n B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n A. junii<\/jats:italic>\n also demonstrated high levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Notably, a substantial proportion of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), with MAR indices ranging from 0.37 to 0.75. Moreover, several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including\n penA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n b<\/jats:italic>\n l<\/jats:italic>\n a<\/jats:italic>\n \n T<\/jats:italic>\n E<\/jats:italic>\n M<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n b<\/jats:italic>\n l<\/jats:italic>\n a<\/jats:italic>\n \n C<\/jats:italic>\n T<\/jats:italic>\n X<\/jats:italic>\n \u2212\n M<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ,\n tetA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n tetB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n tetC<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n ermB<\/jats:italic>\n were detected across the bacterial species, with high prevalence rates in\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n and\n A. junii<\/jats:italic>\n , suggesting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and further spread of resistance. These findings underscore the critical need for a One Health approach to mitigate the risks posed by antibiotic\u2010resistant bacteria in dairy farm wastewater, emphasizing the critical importance of responsible antibiotic use and sustainable farming practices to protect public health and environmental integrity.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/vmi\/7253393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:40:57Z","timestamp":1748220057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["First Molecular Characterization and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated From Dairy Farm Wastewater in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Md. Shamsul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. 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