{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:48:11Z","timestamp":1772981291969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":352,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ocular microbiome of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukemia virus (FeLV) might differ from that of healthy cats. This study aimed to examine and compare the conjunctival bacterial and fungal flora in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacterial and fungal cultures were conducted from the conjunctiva of 80 Persian cats, categorized into four groups: normal, FIV\u2010infected, FeLV\u2010infected, and co\u2010infected with both FIV and FeLV. PCR assays confirmed the presence of FIV, FeLV,\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The microbiological analysis was compared across the different.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The conjunctival bacterial flora of normal cats was predominantly Gram\u2010positive, with\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species as the most common isolates.\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was absent in the normal group but present in all infected groups, with the highest prevalence in the co\u2010infected group (17.5%). Co\u2010infection with FIV and FeLV led to a distinct microbiota with\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium renale<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      exclusively found in this group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The co\u2010infection of FIV and FeLV significantly alters the conjunctival microbiome, promoting the colonization of specific opportunistic pathogens. These findings may influence the clinical management of cats with these viral infections, especially in combination, and may create a more favorable environment for the growth of certain bacteria and fungi in the conjunctiva.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/vmi\/8146795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T10:19:24Z","timestamp":1766139564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comparative Study on the Impact of FIV and FeLV Infection on the Ocular Microbiota in Persian Cats: Insights From Co\u2010Infection and Single Infections"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Ghazal","family":"Aftab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parastou","family":"Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pooya","family":"Faranoush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-2478(04)00037-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","article-title":"Microbiota of Ocular and Peri-Ocular Areas in Blanford Fox (Vulpes cana) and Pallas Cat (Felis manul)","author":"Noorzadeh Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Veterinary and Comparative Biomedical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","article-title":"Detection of 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