{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:20:16Z","timestamp":1789802416666,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":260,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020982","name":"Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPGR-360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPGR-360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020982","name":"Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NATPPhase-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NATPPhase-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to explore the pattern of appearance of cytopathic effect (CPE) produced by a Bangladeshi strain of Peste des petits ruminant\u2019s virus (PPRV) in Vero cells during serial passaging, to estimate the virus titer and concentration of PPR viral RNA at different passage levels, and to find out a suitable passage level for viral antigen purification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five isolates of PPR virus from local outbreaks were isolated, confirmed with conventional RT\u2010PCR, and then used as viral inoculant in Vero cells and lamb kidney cell culture (LKC). Morphology of CPE\u2019s and pattern of development of CPE were studied and recorded at different passage levels and days postinfection (dpi). Tissue culture fluid (TCF) was used to prepare purified viral antigen by ultracentrifugation and for quantitation by spectrophotometry. Viral titers were determined following an endpoint dilution assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study revealed that the CPE was not perceptible in all isolates until 11 dpi for the first six passages. The virus was not detected in TCF of both infected and control flasks by RT\u2010PCR up to the 6th passage. The first CPE appeared on 5 dpi at the 7th passage level for all isolates. The CPE was characterized by initial cell rounding, followed by the formation of small syncytia, progression to total cell infection, and eventual complete detachment of the cell monolayer. Maximum titer (3.5 Log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      TCID\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and RNA concentration (260\u2009ng\/\u00b5L) were found at the 30\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      passage level by one isolate (Isolate\u2010F).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It is concluded that initiation of CPE production in Vero cells by the Bangladeshi field strain of PPR virus occurs at the 7th passage level. Virus titer and concentration of PPR viral RNA increased with the advancement of passaging, and these are highly related to each other. TCF at higher passage levels, such as the 60\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      passage, is most suitable for purification of PPR viral antigen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/vmi\/9442403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:28:46Z","timestamp":1789799326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pattern of Cytopathic Effects Produced by Recent Bangladeshi Field Isolates of PPR Virus in Vero Cells and Preparation of Purified Viral Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4995-1782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. S. 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