{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:05:42Z","timestamp":1790323542687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":267,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, is used worldwide in agriculture as an insecticide; its exposure has been linked to neurological disorder, endocrine disruption, cardiovascular disease, etc.\n                      <jats:italic>Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (NS), also known as black seed or black cumin, has been a part of traditional medicine and is used to treat a wide range of ailments from digestive and respiratory problems to topical skin disease. This study aims to investigate the potential protective role of the ethanolic seed extract of NS on chlorpyrifos\u2010induced neurotoxicity and testicular toxicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 36 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, which included Group 1 as Control group, Group 2 as CPF 7.5\u2009mg\/kg, Group 3 as CPF 7.5\u2009mg\/kg\u2009+\u2009ATR 10\u2009mg\/kg, Group 4 as CPF 7.5\u2009mg\/kg\u2009+\u2009NS 2.5\u2009mg\/kg, Group 5 as CPF 7.5\u2009mg\/kg\u2009+\u2009NS 5\u2009mg\/kg, and Group 6 as CPF 7.5\u2009mg\/kg\u2009+\u2009NS 10\u2009mg\/kg. NS and CPF in their respective doses were administered orally, and ATR was given as intraperitoneal injection every day for 28\u2009days. Neurotoxicity was assessed by measuring oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], a marker of lipid peroxidation), antioxidant status (reduced glutathione [GSH]), inflammatory markers (interleukin\u20101\u03b2 [IL\u20101\u03b2]), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze test. Testicular toxicity was evaluated through sperm count and histopathology assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment with NS at a dose of 10\u2009mg\/kg showed neuroprotective effect through elevation in AChE activity, significant decrease in IL\u2010\u03b2 levels, dose\u2010dependent decrease, and increase in MDA and GSH levels, respectively, and improved spatial memory as evidenced by increase in escape latency and the number of entries in the Morris water maze test. However, there was no significant effect in testicular toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the present study indicate that the ethanolic seed extract of NS has significant neuroprotective activity against CPF\u2010induced neurotoxicity, mainly at the dose of 10\u2009mg\/kg, as portrayed by the improvement in AChE activity and cognitive performance combined with its anti\u2010inflammatory effect through a decrease in IL\u20101\u03b2 levels and antioxidant effect through increase in GSH and reduction in MDA levels. However, the NS extract did not show any significant protective effect against CPF\u2010induced testicular toxicity. These results indicate the potential therapeutic role of NS in mitigating OP\u2010induced neurological damage, justifying further studies to elucidate its mechanisms and extended benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/vmi\/9865544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:38:52Z","timestamp":1790321932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ameliorative Role of Ethanolic\n                    <i>Nigella sativa<\/i>\n                    Seed Extract in Chlorpyrifos\u2010Induced Neurotoxicity and Testicular Toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6169-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhanya R.","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2147-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reena Sherin","family":"Parveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9372-2680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veena","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3589-3289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandhya","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9457-9492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinutha R.","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7713-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Harshini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5832-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohandas Rao","family":"K. 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