{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T15:43:12Z","timestamp":1770478992738,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3679,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI23283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI23283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibody class switching is mediated by a DNA recombination event that replaces the C<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic> gene with one of the other heavy (H) chain constant region (CH) genes located 3\u2032 to the C<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic> gene. The regulation of this process is essential to the immune response because different\nCH regions provide different biological functions. Correlative evidence indicates that the\nisotype (class) specificity of the switch is determined by the accessibility of specific CH genes\nas indicated by hypomethylation and transcriptional activity. For example, RNAs transcribed\nfrom specific unrearranged CH genes are induced prior to switching under conditions that\npromote subsequent switching to these same CH genes. The function of transcription of\nthese germline CH genes is unknown. In this report, we describe the structure of RNA transcribed\nfrom unrearranged <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>1 genes in mouse spleen cells treated with LPS plus .a HeLa cell\nsupernatant containing recombinant interleukin 4. The germline <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>l RNA is initiated at\nmultiple start sites 5\u2032 to the tandem repeats of the <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>1 switch (S<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>1) region. As is true for\nanalogous RNAs transcribed from unrearranged <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>2b and c genes, the germline <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>1 RNA has an exon transcribed from the region 5\u2032 to S<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>1 sequences, which is spliced at a unique site to\nthe Cr gene. The germline <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>1 RNA has an open\u2010reading frame (ORF) that potentially encodes a small protein 48 amino acid in length.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/1990\/47659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,11]],"date-time":"2008-06-11T07:46:09Z","timestamp":1213170369000},"page":"11-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Structure of Germline Immunoglobulin Heavy\u2010Chain <i>\u03b3<\/i>1 Transcripts in Interleukin 4 Treated Mouse Spleen Cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Minzhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Stavnezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,12,5]]},"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/1990\/047659.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/1990\/47659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T09:19:24Z","timestamp":1723108764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/1990\/47659"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,12,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/1990\/47659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/1990\/47659","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-8861","2314-7156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-8861","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-7156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,12,5]]}}}