{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:34:03Z","timestamp":1760708043689,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,5]],"date-time":"2009-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":63,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TIN2008-05941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2008-05941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Computer Games Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although a number of terrain generation techniques have been proposed during the last few years, all of them have some key constraints. Modelling techniques depend highly upon designer\u2032s skills, time, and effort to obtain acceptable results, and cannot be used to automatically generate terrains. The simpler methods allow only a narrow variety of terrain types and offer little control on the outcome terrain. The Genetic Terrain Programming technique, based on evolutionary design with Genetic Programming, allows designers to evolve terrains according to their aesthetic feelings or desired features. This technique evolves Terrain Programmes (TPs) that are capable of generating a family of terrains\u2014different terrains that consistently present the same morphological characteristics. This paper presents a study about the persistence of morphological characteristics of terrains generated with different resolutions by a given TP. Results show that it is possible to use low resolutions during the evolutionary phase without compromising the outcome, and that terrain macrofeatures are scale invariant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/125714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,8]],"date-time":"2009-03-08T13:59:19Z","timestamp":1236520759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Breeding Terrains with Genetic Terrain Programming:  The Evolution of Terrain Generators"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Frade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Fernandez de Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DuchaineauM. WolinskyM. SigetiD. E. MillerM. C. AldrichC. andMineev-WeinsteinM. B. ROAMing terrain: real-time optimally adapting meshes Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS \u203297) October 1997 Phoenix Ariz USA IEEE Computer Society Press 81\u201388 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VISUAL.1997.663860.","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.1997.663860"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","unstructured":"LiS. LiuX. andWuE. Feature-based visibility-driven CLOD for terrain Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications October 2003 Canmore Canada IEEE Computer Society Press 313\u2013322."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ClarkJ. H. Hierarchical geometric models for visible-surface algorithms Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH \u203276) July 1976 Philadelphia Pa USA https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/563274.563323.","DOI":"10.1145\/563274.563323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","unstructured":"PeltonB.andAtkinsonD. Flexible generation and lightweight view-dependent rendering of terrain 2003 no. COEN-2003-01-22 Department of Computer Engineering Santa Clara University Santa Clara Calif USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FradeM. mfrade@estg.ipleiria.pt de VegaF. F. andCottaC. GiacobiniM. BrabazonA. CagnoniS.et al. Modelling video games\u2032 landscapes by means of genetic terrain programming\u2014a new approach for improving users\u2032 experience 4974 Proceedings of the EvoWorkshops on Applications of Evolutionary Computing 2008 Naples Italy Springer 485\u2013490 Lecture Notes in Computer Science https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-78761-7_52.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78761-7_52"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","unstructured":"SaundersR. L. Terrainosaurus: realistic terrain synthesis using genetic algorithms M.S. thesis 2006 Texas A&M University College Station Tex USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KelleyA. D. MalinM. C. andNielsonG. M. Terrain simulation using a model of stream erosion Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH \u203288) August 1988 Atlanta Ga USA ACM 263\u2013268 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/54852.378519.","DOI":"10.1145\/378456.378519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","unstructured":"OlsenJ. Realtime procedural terrain generation\u2014realtime synthesis of eroded fractal terrain for use in computer games Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (IMADA) University of Southern Denmark 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b97624"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","unstructured":"VossR. Fractals in nature: characterization measurement and simulation Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH \u203287) July 1987 Anaheim Calif USA."},{"volume-title":"On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection","year":"1859","author":"Darwin C.","key":"e_1_2_6_12_2"},{"volume-title":"Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems","year":"1975","author":"Holland J.","key":"e_1_2_6_13_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"B\u00e4ckT. HoffmeisterF. andSchwefelH. P. A survey of evolution strategies Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms July 1991 San Diego Calif USA 2\u20139."},{"volume-title":"Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection","year":"1992","author":"Koza J. R.","key":"e_1_2_6_15_2"},{"volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution","year":"1966","author":"Fogel L. J.","key":"e_1_2_6_16_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","unstructured":"LangdonW. B.andQureshiA. Genetic programming\u2014computers using \u201cnatural selection\u201d to generate programs 1995 no. RN\/95\/76 University College London London UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","unstructured":"RayT. S. Evolution ecology and optimization of digital organisms 1992."},{"volume-title":"Advances in Soft Computing: Engineering Design and Manufacturing","year":"1998","author":"Bentley P.","key":"e_1_2_6_19_2"},{"volume-title":"Evolutionary Design by Computers","year":"1999","author":"Bentley P.","key":"e_1_2_6_20_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SimsK. Artificial evolution for computer graphics Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH \u203291) August 1991 Las Vegas Nev USA ACM 319\u2013328 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/122718.122752.","DOI":"10.1145\/127719.122752"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","unstructured":"UnemiT. A design of multi-field user interface for simulated breeding Proceedings of the 3rd Asian Fuzzy and Intelligent System Symposium (AFSS \u203298) June 1998 Masan Korea 489\u2013494."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UnemiT. SBART 2.4: breeding 2D CG images and movies and creating a type of collage Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information Engineering Systems (KES \u203299) August-September 1999 Adelaide Australia 288\u2013291 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/KES.1999.820180.","DOI":"10.1109\/KES.1999.820180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"UnemiT. SBART 2.4: an IEC tool for creating 2D images movies and collage Proceedings of the Workshop on Genetic and Evolutionary Computational Conference July 2000 Las Vegas Nev USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","unstructured":"MachadoP.andCardosoA. WigginsG. NEvAr\u2014the assessment of an evolutionary art tool Proceedings of the Symposium on Creative & Cultural Aspects and Applications of AI & Cognitive Science (AISB \u203200) April 2000 Birmingham UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OngT. J. mong@csdl.tamu.edu SaundersR. rls8901@cs.tamu.edu KeyserJ. andkeyser@cs.tamu.edu LeggettJ. J. leggett@csdl.tamu.edu Terrain generation using genetic algorithms Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO \u203205) June 2005 Washington DC USA ACM 1463\u20131470 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1068009.1068241.","DOI":"10.1145\/1068009.1068241"},{"volume-title":"A Field Guide to Genetic Programming","year":"2008","author":"Poli R.","key":"e_1_2_6_27_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","unstructured":"FradeM. de VegaF. F. andCottaC. CotaM. P. Gentp\u2014uma ferramenta interactiva para a gera\u00e7\u00e3o artificial de terrenos 2 Proceedings of the 3rd Iberian Conference in Systems and Information Technologies (CISTI \u203208) April 2008 Ourense Spain 655\u2013666."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FradeM. de VegaF. F. andCottaC. Genetic terrain programming\u2014an aesthetic approach to terrain generation The Annual International Conference & Symposium on Computer Games and Allied Technology (CGAT \u203208) April 2008 Singapore 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.5176\/978-981-08-8227-3_cgat08-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CardS. K. RobertsonG. G. andMackinlayJ. D. The information visualizer an information workspace Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI \u203291) April-May 1991 New Orleans La USA ACM 181\u2013186 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/108844.108874.","DOI":"10.1145\/108844.108874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TestaC. J.andDearieD. B. Human factors design criteria in man-computer interaction 1 Proceedings of the Annual Conference 1974 ACM New York NY USA 61\u201365 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/800182.810380.","DOI":"10.1145\/800182.810380"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Games Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijcgt\/2009\/125714.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijcgt\/2009\/125714.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2009\/125714","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T12:43:02Z","timestamp":1719664982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2009\/125714"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Abdennour","family":"El Rhalibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2009\/125714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/125714","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-7047","1687-7055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-7047"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-7055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-06-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-11-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-03-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"125714"}}