{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:03:47Z","timestamp":1758816227764},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,19]],"date-time":"2011-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305763200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physics Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, it was shown that relative yields of X-rays induced by ion impact are not constant but depend on beam energy. In the framework of this problem, pellets of Gd<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and a Gd chelate, Gd-DOTA, as well as a 5\u2009nm in diameter Gd<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles dispersion on a polycarbonate Nuclepore filter, were studied. In this work, it is shown that after subtraction of known matrix effects, relative yield\nvariations still present different patterns for Gd<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> pellet and Gd<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles. Proton NMRD <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>\u03c9<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> data for Gd<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles and Gd-DOTA water solutions published by Bridot et al. and Toth et al., respectively, were reproduced using a model for paramagnetic substances in water solutions and identical electronic relaxation times. The analysis of both techniques results points collective electron behaviour as the explanation for the different observations on X-ray data of Gd<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles and bulk material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/705686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,19]],"date-time":"2011-05-19T19:33:04Z","timestamp":1305833584000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["L X-Rays RYIED Oscillations and Proton-NMRD of Gd<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Taborda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"F\u00edsica e Unidade de Acelerador, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacav\u00e9m, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F\u00edsica e Unidade de Acelerador, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacav\u00e9m, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P. C.","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F\u00edsica e Unidade de Acelerador, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacav\u00e9m, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica da Mat\u00e9ria Condensada da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2004.12.113"},{"issue":"4","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-583X(98)00552-7","volume":"145","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-583X(99)00235-9"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-583X(99)00225-6"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-583X(99)00626-6"},{"issue":"23","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-4075\/26\/23\/017","volume":"26","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Physics B"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-583X(02)01106-0"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-4075\/22\/15\/012"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-583X(93)95605-5","volume":"75","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2006.10.069"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.47.884"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9002(94)91810-4","volume":"339","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.26.1229"},{"issue":"5","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-1098(76)91186-8","volume":"19","year":"1976","journal-title":"Solid State Communications"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2007.04.049"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2006.03.003"},{"key":"20","volume-title":"Relaxivity of gadolinium(III) complexes: theory and mechanism","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.3.3340763","volume":"166","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/xrs.841"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/xrs.1027"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2007.10.044"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/xrs.1305"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja068356j"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2007.12.102"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2006.03.147"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-583X(95)01273-7"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/epjap:2008095"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.73.679"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.99.559"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2005.08.002"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja961743g"},{"key":"36","year":"1994"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/xrs.1309"}],"container-title":["Physics Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2011\/705686.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2011\/705686.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2011\/705686.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T06:13:44Z","timestamp":1607494424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/physri\/2011\/705686\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,19]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["705686","705686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/705686","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-2220","2090-2239"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-2220","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-2239","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,19]]}}}