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Thus, besides its well-known role in longevity, insulin may constitute a promising therapy against diabetes- and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. More interestingly, insulin has been also faced as the potential missing link between diabetes and aging in CNS, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) considered as the \u201cbrain-type diabetes.\u201d In fact, brain insulin has been shown to regulate both peripheral and central glucose metabolism, neurotransmission, learning, and memory and to be neuroprotective. And a future challenge will be to unravel the complex interactions between aging and diabetes, which, we believe, will allow the development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies to overcome age-related diseases and to prolong human \u201chealthy\u201d longevity. Herewith, we aim to integrate the metabolic, neuromodulatory, and neuroprotective roles of insulin in two age-related pathologies: diabetes and AD, both in terms of intracellular signaling and potential therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/384017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T21:01:05Z","timestamp":1329858065000},"page":"1-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":238,"title":["Insulin in Central Nervous System: More than Just a Peripheral Hormone"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula I.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology, Faculty of 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