{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T05:20:17Z","timestamp":1692508817867},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Regular moderate exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects that help prevent several chronic diseases. However, the effects of chronic training an elite athletes have not been the focus of much research. This study aimed to determine whether there were differences in cytokine levels (IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) in circulating peripheral blood (PB) between elite kayakers and nonathletes. Subjects were 13 elite male kayakers, aged<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn>20.0<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>years, with average body mass of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn>75.0<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>7.9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009kg and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mn>177.3<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>7.1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009cm height and with a<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>VO<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>max<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mn>58.3<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>7.8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009mL\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The nonathletes were 7 men, aged<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mn>18.2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>years, body mass of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mn>81.3<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>13.8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009kg, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mn>171.9<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>4.5<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009cm height. Blood samples were collected after six weeks of offtraining and before the start of a new training season. PB leukocyte populations were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine levels were quantified by ELISA. When nonathletes were compared with the kayakers, the latter exhibited lower plasma concentrations of IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL-18, and IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>as well as a lower concentration of IL-1ra. Positive correlations between IL-18 and B cells in the athletes were also found. These results seem to reinforce the anti-inflammatory role of regular training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/370354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]],"date-time":"2013-05-27T17:00:47Z","timestamp":1369674047000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differences in Plasma Cytokine Levels between Elite Kayakers and Nonathletes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"G. F.","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports and Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physical Education School, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Health and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Amazonas, 69460-000 Coari, AM, Brazil"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Rama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports and Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physical Education School, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pedreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Histocompatibility, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Kinetics School, Technical University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports and Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physical Education School, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Massart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports and Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physical Education School, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Histocompatibility, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports and Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physical Education School, University of Coimbra, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Est\u00e1dio Universit\u00e1rio, Pavilh\u00e3o 3, Sta. Clara, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1","first-page":"S379","volume":"33","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7433","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.37938.645220.EE","volume":"328","year":"2004","journal-title":"The British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1218","volume":"286","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"5","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/520258"},{"issue":"3","key":"7","first-page":"82","volume":"4","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Science Journal"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02137.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8561(02)00056-5","volume":"23","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00008.2007"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000247476.02650.18"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1998.1259"},{"key":"13","first-page":"91","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exercise Immunology Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1139\/y98-052","volume":"76","year":"1998","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1966-4"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3041"},{"issue":"11","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6781","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6781","volume":"174","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2490-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"19","first-page":"43","volume":"10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of Transplantation"},{"issue":"6","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.6.2530","volume":"70","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199928030-00003"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00478.x"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603252"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(99)00051-5"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107830108"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-1026-3"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1149"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837466"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-8-3"},{"issue":"6","key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2009.0003","volume":"7","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-9-11"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02302.x"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.197657"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1866"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00164.2004"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/370354.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/370354.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/370354.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,14]],"date-time":"2019-07-14T01:12:50Z","timestamp":1563066770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2013\/370354\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["370354","370354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/370354","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}