{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:15:05Z","timestamp":1770740105765,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]],"date-time":"2014-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395187200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione APS ONLUS, Italy"},{"name":"Senit Foundation, UK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ISRN Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. The effect of statins on atherogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is poorly known. To inform a wider trial we performed a pilot study evaluating the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT) and some oxidative [beta-2-glycoprotein-1 complexed with oxidised low density lipoprotein (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>GPIoxLDL)], metabolic [paraoxonase (PON), nitrate (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>NO<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), nitrite (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>NO<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and nitrotyrosine (NT)], inflammatory [C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA)], and lipid markers before and after 1 year of treatment with 40\u2009mg of oral atorvastatin (AT). <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled pilot study on consecutive SLE patients: 17 SLE patients were randomised into the AT arm and 20 into the placebo arm. CIMT was measured by high-resolution sonography, PONa by a spectrophotometric method, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>NO<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>NO<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> by a colorimetric assay and oxLDL-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>GPI, NT, CRP, and SAA by Elisa. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. After correction for age and disease duration oxLDL-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>GPI decreased by 27% (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.002<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and PON\/HDL ratio increased by 12% (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) but CIMT did not change. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. This pilot study revealed a decrease of oxLDL-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>GPI (oxidant marker) and an increase of PON\/HDL ratio (antioxidant activity) after AT indicating a favourable effect of the drug on atherogenic pathways that should be explored on larger trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/295239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T03:01:32Z","timestamp":1395284492000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Atorvastatin on Atherosclerosis and Atherogenesis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Katharina Benita","family":"Sokoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, 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