{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:31:28Z","timestamp":1761895888190,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nanomaterials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three pedestrian trajectories are considered to study the influence of PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> concentrations on children exposure, in a high\u2010traffic street canyon. Two types of exposure were calculated: daily exposure for each wind condition and cumulative annual exposure considering all wind conditions. FLUENT was used to simulate the flow, turbulence, and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> dispersion in the street canyon. Our results indicate that exposure is influenced by the chosen walking trajectory and wind direction. When considering daily exposure, the highest value is achieved for the trajectory on the south side of the street, under westerly wind conditions, 13% higher than the baseline that assumes no traffic. The results indicate that a particular trajectory can be better for one specific wind direction but can represent the worst for a different wind direction. A difference of 3% to 13% higher exposure was achieved by choosing the best and worst trajectories. When computing cumulative annual exposure, trajectory on the north side of the street shows better results, 8.4% higher than the baseline value. Northerly and westerly winds result in the lowest and the highest exposure value for every studied trajectory. Careful selection of the best pedestrian paths can help reduce the exposure in busy street canyons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/505649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T21:05:40Z","timestamp":1406063140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of Pedestrian Trajectories on School Children Exposure to PM<sub>10<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Cerdeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria da Gra\u00e7a","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.01.055"},{"volume-title":"Outdoor Air Pollution: Assessing the Environment Burden of Disease at National and Local Levels","year":"2004","author":"WHO","key":"e_1_2_8_2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.25.6.669"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","unstructured":"APHEIS Air Pollution and Health: a European Information System Health Impact Assessment of Air Pollution and Communication Strategy France 2005 http:\/\/apheis.net\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","unstructured":"EEA European Environment Agency Environment and Health EEA report 2005 no. 10\/2005 Copenhagen Denmark http:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/eea_report_2005_10."},{"volume-title":"Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook","year":"2002","author":"EPA","key":"e_1_2_8_6_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10081787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.021101025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(99)00513-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"220","article-title":"Relation analysis of air pollution and children\u2019s respiratory system disease prevalence","volume":"20","author":"Wei F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"China Environmental Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs35076a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.2.9608044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(03)00038-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00013003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"771","article-title":"Road traffic and adverse respiratory effects in children","author":"Ciccone G.","year":"1998","journal-title":"SIDRIA Collaborative Group. 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