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However, there is no sufficient experimental data on their toxicological potential to assess the risk associated with TPs, even if their occurrence is known. In this study, the interaction of chlorophenoxy herbicides (MCPA, mecoprop, 2,4-D and dichlorprop) and their main transformation products with calf thymus DNA by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy has been assessed. Additionally, the toxicity of the chlorophenoxy herbicides and TPs was also assessed evaluating the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. On the basis of the results found, it seems that AChE is not the main target of chlorophenoxy herbicides and their TPs. However, the results found showed that the transformation products displayed a higher inhibitory activity when compared with the parent herbicides. The results obtained in the DNA interaction studies showed, in general, a slight effect on the stability of the double helix. However, the data found for 4-chloro-2-methyl-6-nitrophenol suggest that this transformation product can interact with DNA through a noncovalent mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/709036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,30]],"date-time":"2014-03-30T04:00:43Z","timestamp":1396152043000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides and Their Main Transformation Products on DNA Damage and Acetylcholinesterase Activity"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Benfeito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIQ\/Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIQ\/Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIQ\/Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula B.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. 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