{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:51:32Z","timestamp":1770835892546,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/EMS\/50022\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EMS\/50022\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EMEMFE\/11343\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EMEMFE\/11343\/2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/48150\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/48150\/2008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/EMS\/50022\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EMS\/50022\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EMEMFE\/11343\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EMEMFE\/11343\/2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/48150\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/48150\/2008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/EMS\/50022\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EMS\/50022\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EMEMFE\/11343\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EMEMFE\/11343\/2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/48150\/2008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/48150\/2008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Combustion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Large eddy simulation of the wind surface layer above and within vegetation was conducted in the presence of an idealised forest fire by using an equivalent volumetric heat source. Firebrand\u2019s particles are represented as spherical particles with a wide range of sizes, which were located into the combustion volume in a random fashion and are convected in the ascending plume as Lagrangian points. The thermally thin particles undergo drag relative to the flow and moisture loss as they are dried and pyrolysis, char-combustion, and mass loss as they burn. The particle momentum, heat and mass transfer, and combustion governing equations were computed along particle trajectories in the unsteady 3D wind field until their deposition on the ground. The spotting distances are compared with the maximum spotting distance obtained with Albini model for several idealised line grass or torching trees fires scenarios. The prediction of the particle maximum spotting distance for a 2000\u2009kW\/m short grass fire compared satisfactorily with results from Albini model and underpredicted by 40% the results for a high intensity 50000\u2009kW\/m fire. For the cases of single and four torching trees the model predicts the maximum distances consistently but for slightly different particle diameter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/513576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]],"date-time":"2015-06-23T17:36:03Z","timestamp":1435080963000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Calculation of Spotting Particles Maximum Distance in Idealised Forest Fire Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 C. F.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M. C.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 L. A.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Duarte M. S.","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/168473"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/572452"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/418756"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0082-0784(65)80244-2"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-2180(70)90006-4"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-2180(81)90014-6"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00102208308923662"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WF11020"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003754979606700402"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1998.0303"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1285(03)00017-0"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/548328"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3246639"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/00102208708952565","volume":"52","year":"1987","journal-title":"Combustion Science and Technology"},{"key":"20","year":"1998"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00122581"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02033994"},{"key":"23","year":"1993"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00119403"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1000444911103"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.13.010181.000525","volume":"13","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00121712"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00120467"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6105(90)90216-y"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6105(94)90091-4"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/b:boun.0000037333.48760.e5"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-013-9850-x"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03091927009365780"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49712051503"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0379-7112(97)00041-6"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(96)00151-3"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(79)90202-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(86)90087-9","volume":"20","year":"1986","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/2.659"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022112089000753"},{"key":"44","first-page":"81","volume":"5","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends in Heat, Mass & Momentum Transfer"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WF07119"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011605719943"},{"issue":"4","key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2007.10.001","volume":"43","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fire Safety Journal"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/wf09080"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2007.08.021"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WF11133"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2011.09.004"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00102208008946927"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2006.06.016"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2007.04.008"},{"key":"56","year":"1994"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2006.12.001"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0010-2180(70)80037-2"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fam.810190605"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/wf03043"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3894\/james.2010.2.4"},{"issue":"2","key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/104239159901000203","volume":"10","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Fire Protection Engineering"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2006.01.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1018(200001\/02)24:1<37::AID-FAM718>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"24","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fire and Materials"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.870426"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2006.07.222"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WF06002"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2009.06.015"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2009.08.001"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/wf13080"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WF09146"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/540390"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1810524"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2710284"},{"issue":"3","key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1963)091<0099:GCEWTP>2.3.CO;2","volume":"91","year":"1963","journal-title":"Monthly Weather Review"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04695-1"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00102208008946927"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7825(79)90034-3"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112093000916"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1993.1087"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2013.02.042"},{"issue":"3","key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/10407790.2014.950074","volume":"67","year":"2015","journal-title":"Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals"},{"key":"87","year":"1984"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112098003346"}],"container-title":["Journal of Combustion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jc\/2015\/513576.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jc\/2015\/513576.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jc\/2015\/513576.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T10:23:26Z","timestamp":1498213406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jc\/2015\/513576\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["513576","513576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/513576","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1968","2090-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1968","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1976","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}