{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:41:45Z","timestamp":1766378505155},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. Severity and outcome assessments are crucial in trauma. Our aim was to describe the role of a group of cytokines (TNF<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, IL-6, IL-10, and HMGB-1) and ICAM-1 as severity and outcome assessment tools and their kinetics in the first 72\u2009h after severe trauma.<jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Authors designed a prospective cohort study of severe polytrauma patients (ISS &gt; 15) in a level 1 Trauma Centre. Cytokines and ICAM-1 levels and Th1\/Th2 ratios were assessed at admission, 24, 48, and 72\u2009h. SIRS, SIRS with hypoperfusion, and shock were identified. Outcomes considered were ICU admission, ARDS, MODS, and death.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Ninety-nine patients were enrolled (median ISS: 29 and age 31). There was an early release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators with higher values at admission (except for ICAM-1). On admission, IL-6 was associated with ISS, IL-10 with SIRS with hypoperfusion, and HMGB-1 with shock. Several cytokines were associated with outcomes, especially IL-6 and IL-10 at 72\u2009h with MODS and death. Low TNF<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\/IL-10 and IL-6\/IL-10 ratios at 24 and 72\u2009h were associated with MODS and death.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses occur simultaneously and earlier after injury. Cytokines may be useful for outcome assessment, especially IL-6 and IL-10. Low Th1\/Th2 ratio at 24 to 72\u2009h is associated with MODS and death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/747036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T17:02:23Z","timestamp":1426093343000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Measurement of Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules in the First 72 Hours after Severe Trauma: Association with Severity and Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Department and Emergency and Intensive Care Department, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Frederico","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHSJ, Orthopaedic Department and Emergency and Intensive Care Department, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHSJ, Anesthesiology Department, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHSJ, Orthopaedic Department, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHSJ, Orthopaedic Department, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Moura","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Orthopaedic Department, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Tuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Clinical Pathology Department, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, 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