{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:34:34Z","timestamp":1768296874441,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar do Porto\u2019s Department of Teaching, Education, and Research","award":["PEST-OE\/SAU\/UI0215\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEST-OE\/SAU\/UI0215\/2011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. A possible association between olfactory dysfunction and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) severity has been a topic of contention for the past 40 years. Conflicting reports may be partially explained by procedural differences in olfactory assessment and motor symptom evaluation.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. One hundred and sixty-six nondemented PD patients performed the Brief-Smell Identification Test and test scores below the estimated 20th percentile as a function of sex, age, and education (i.e., 80% specificity) were considered demographically abnormal. Patients underwent motor examination after 12\u2009h without antiparkinsonian medication.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Eighty-two percent of PD patients had abnormal olfaction. Abnormal performance on the Brief-Smell Identification Test was associated with higher disease severity (i.e., Hoehn and Yahr, Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale-III, Freezing of Gait questionnaire, and levodopa equivalent dose), even when disease duration was taken into account.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Abnormal olfaction in PD is associated with increased severity and faster disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/976589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,3]],"date-time":"2015-06-03T20:56:39Z","timestamp":1433364999000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Abnormal Olfaction in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Is Related to Faster Disease Progression"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Cavaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Biom\u00e9dica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade 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