{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:47:26Z","timestamp":1761490046713,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]],"date-time":"2016-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467676800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Development Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Observations in studies of estimation compared to actual performance in motor skills revealed that children are not always accurate and have a tendency to overestimate the maximum distance at which an action can be performed. The relationship between estimated and real motor competences was analyzed for several tasks: standing long jump (SLJ), throwing and kicking, and walking backwards (WB) on a balance beam. Children were asked to predict their maximum distance prior to performing those tasks. Participants were 303 children (160 boys), which were between 6 and 10 years of age (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">M<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">8.63<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">D<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1.16<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Children\u2019s estimations were compared with their real performance to determine their accuracy. Absolute error (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">|<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>real performance \u2212 estimation<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">|<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and error tendency, that is, the direction of the error (overestimation, accuracy, and underestimation bias), were calculated. Children had a tendency to overestimate their performance and were more conservative in the WB task, a noncommon action. In general, it is possible to conclude that children, in the studied age span, tend to overestimate their performance, particularly in familiar skills. This fact may be determinant to the development of their motor competences, since they are more likely to engage and persist in motor tasks, but it might also be a problem in terms of child safety because it could increase the occurrence of unintended injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3795956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]],"date-time":"2016-07-05T21:12:35Z","timestamp":1467753155000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differences between Estimation and Real Performance in School-Age Children: Fundamental Movement Skills"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-2114","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Delfim Maia 334, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, Campus de Benfica do IPL, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4907-7186","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rita","family":"Cordovil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Motor Behavior, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"year":"1999","key":"1"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00336297.2008.10483582"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129640"},{"first-page":"69","volume-title":"The theory of affordances","year":"1977","key":"4"},{"year":"1979","key":"5"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/gntp.170.2.151-158"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.31.5.866"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1995.1014"},{"year":"2006","key":"9"},{"year":"2007","key":"10"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsg041"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1997.2411"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2013.56a3002"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2014.61016"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2010.08.011"},{"year":"2009","key":"16"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.120693"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-1088-l"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/10.25.pms.120v18x2"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.03.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"21","first-page":"1","volume":"3","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.1.33"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00050"}],"container-title":["Child Development Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2016\/3795956.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2016\/3795956.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2016\/3795956.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T01:49:14Z","timestamp":1607478554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cdr\/2016\/3795956\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["3795956","3795956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/3795956","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-3987","2090-3995"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-3987"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-3995"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]]}}}