{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T02:37:36Z","timestamp":1773542256824,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,20]],"date-time":"2015-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Portugal"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stem Cells International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Silicon (Si) is indispensable for many cellular processes including bone tissue metabolism. In this work, the effects of Si on human osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were characterized. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and CD14+ stem cells, as osteoblast and osteoclast precursors, were treated with a wide range of Si concentrations, covering the physiological plasma levels. Si promoted a dose\u2010dependent increase in hMSC proliferation, differentiation, and function, at levels similar to the normal basal plasma levels. Additionally, a decrease in the expression of the osteoclastogenic activators M\u2010CSF and RANKL was observed. Also, Si elicited a decrease in osteoclastogenesis, which became significant at higher concentrations, as those observed after meals. Among the intracellular mechanisms studied, an upregulation of MEK and PKC signalling pathways was observed in both cell types. In conclusion, Si appears to have a direct positive effect on human osteogenesis, at basal plasma levels. On the other hand, it also seemed to be an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis, but at higher concentrations, though yet in the physiological range. Further, an indirect effect of Si on osteoclastogenesis may also occur, through a downregulation of M\u2010CSF and RANKL expression by osteoblasts. Thus, Si may be an important player in bone anabolic regenerative approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5653275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,20]],"date-time":"2015-12-20T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1450645250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Bone Anabolic Effects of Soluble Si: <i>In Vitro<\/i> Studies with Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and CD14+ Osteoclast Precursors"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Costa-Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. 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