{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T04:31:21Z","timestamp":1774585881915,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biomaterials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymerization shrinkage is a major concern to the clinical success of direct composite resin restorations. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of polymerization shrinkage strain of two resin composites on cuspal movement based on the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Twenty standardized Class II cavities prepared in upper third molars were allocated into two groups (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Restorations involved the bulk fill placement of conventional microhybrid resin composite (Esthet\u2022X\u00ae HD, Dentsply DeTrey) (Group 1) or flowable \u201clow-shrinkage\u201d resin composite (SDR<jats:italic>\u2122<\/jats:italic>, Dentsply DeTrey) (Group 2). Two FBG sensors were used per restoration for real-time measurement of cuspal linear deformation and temperature variation. Group comparisons were determined using ANCOVA<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>considering temperature as the covariate. A statistically significant correlation between cuspal deflection, time, and material was observed (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Cuspal deflection reached 8.8\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m (0.23<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>%<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and 7.8\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m (0.20<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>%<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. When used with bulk fill technique, flowable resin composite SDR<jats:italic>\u2122<\/jats:italic>induced significantly less cuspal deflection than the conventional resin composite Esthet\u2022X\u00ae HD (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.015<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and presented a smoother curve slope during the polymerization. FBG sensors appear to be a valid tool for accurate real-time monitoring of cuspal deformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7134283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T17:01:09Z","timestamp":1460480469000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cuspal Displacement Induced by Bulk Fill Resin Composite Polymerization: Biomechanical Evaluation Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6929-3807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Vinagre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4019-9379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Messias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8176-7953","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N\u00e9lia","family":"Alberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, 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