{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:29:15Z","timestamp":1761629355292,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"Fundo Europeu De Desenvolvimento Regional","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UID\/BIA\/50027\/2013","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/BIA\/50027\/2013","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/BIA\/50027\/2013","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/BIA\/50027\/2013","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/BIA\/50027\/2013","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/BIA\/50027\/2013","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Forestry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tree density is an important parameter affecting ecosystems functions and management decisions, while tree distribution patterns affect sampling design.<jats:italic>Pittosporum undulatum<\/jats:italic>stands in the Azores are being targeted with a biomass valorization program, for which efficient tree density estimators are required. We compared<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-Square sampling, Point Centered Quarter Method (PCQM), and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-tree sampling with benchmark quadrat (QD) sampling in six 900\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>plots established at<jats:italic>P. undulatum<\/jats:italic>stands in S\u00e3o Miguel Island. A total of 15 estimators were tested using a data resampling approach. The estimated density range (344\u20135056 trees\/ha) was found to agree with previous studies using PCQM only. Although with a tendency to underestimate tree density (in comparison with QD), overall,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-Square sampling appeared to be the most accurate and precise method, followed by PCQM. Tree distribution pattern was found to be slightly aggregated in 4 of the 6 stands. Considering (1) the low level of bias and high precision, (2) the consistency among three estimators, (3) the possibility of use with aggregated patterns, and (4) the possibility of obtaining a larger number of independent tree parameter estimates, we recommend the use of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-Square sampling in<jats:italic>P. undulatum<\/jats:italic>stands within the framework of a biomass valorization program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2818132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T21:09:09Z","timestamp":1484168949000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-Square, Point Centered Quarter, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-Tree Sampling Methods in<i>Pittosporum undulatum<\/i>Invaded Woodlands"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4185-733X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lurdes Borges","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"InBIO, Rede de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, CIBIO-A\u00e7ores, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, A\u00e7ores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"NATURALREASON, LDA, Caminho do Meio Velho, 5-B, A\u00e7ores, 9760-114 Cabo da Praia, Portugal"},{"name":"3CBIO, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NATURALREASON, LDA, Caminho do Meio Velho, 5-B, A\u00e7ores, 9760-114 Cabo da Praia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui Bento","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e do Ambiente, A\u00e7ores, 9700-042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InBIO, Rede de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, CIBIO-A\u00e7ores, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, A\u00e7ores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"207","volume":"61","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3897447"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1930167"},{"key":"4","first-page":"121","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"issue":"4-c42, article 13","key":"5","volume":"36","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences"},{"year":"1999","key":"6"},{"year":"2007","key":"7"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2004.04.032"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-007-0197-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"10","first-page":"54","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computational Forestry and Natural-Resource Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/forestscience\/51.1.7","volume":"51","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forest Science"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/njaf\/11.1.12","volume":"11","year":"1994","journal-title":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry"},{"key":"13","first-page":"153","volume":"45","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530295"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528833"},{"key":"16","first-page":"225","volume":"23","year":"1968","journal-title":"Forst Holzwirt"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1932281"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3800359"},{"key":"19","first-page":"187","volume":"1","year":"1954","journal-title":"Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/62.1.39"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1939636"},{"first-page":"247","volume-title":"The density of spatial patterns: robust estimation through distance methods","year":"1979","key":"22"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11515-009-0039-0"},{"key":"24","first-page":"134","volume":"7","year":"1957","journal-title":"Physiology and Ecology"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14214\/sf.1008"},{"journal-title":"Appendix to Hodder and Orton","first-page":"246","year":"1976","key":"44"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/X06-038"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1931034"},{"key":"28","first-page":"34","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biyoloji Bilimleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0587.2002.250506.x"},{"year":"1983","series-title":"Mathematics in Biology","key":"30"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160310001659252"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/comec.12.2011.1.4"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-004-5015-z"},{"year":"2008","key":"34"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wre.12017"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2009.11.002"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2011.03.021"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2012.05.022"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7750-7_17"},{"issue":"3","key":"41","first-page":"309","volume":"9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Boletim da Sociedade de Estudos A\u00e7oreanos Afonso Chaves"},{"key":"42","series-title":"Geological Society, London, Memoirs","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Eruptive frequency and volcanic hazards zonation in S\u00e3o Miguel Island, Azores","volume":"44","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"43","first-page":"1295","volume":"101","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comunica\u00e7\u00f5es Geol\u00f3gicas"},{"year":"1982","key":"45"},{"key":"46","first-page":"2051","volume-title":"Spatial analysis in ecology","volume":"4","year":"2002"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/66.1.73"},{"year":"1988","key":"48"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1938029"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528156"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02533903"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4541-9"},{"key":"53","first-page":"6","volume":"13","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistical Computing & Statistical Graphics Newsletter"},{"year":"2014","key":"54"},{"first-page":"195","volume-title":"Cultura do Anan\u00e1s em Estufa Ilha S. Miguel\u2014A\u00e7ores (Portugal)","year":"2004","key":"55"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5558\/tfc54171-3"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0030-1299.2005.13506.x"},{"first-page":"204","volume-title":"Biological generated spatial pattern and the coexistence of competing species","year":"1997","key":"60"},{"year":"1982","key":"61"},{"volume":"13","year":"1998","series-title":"School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences Publication Number","key":"62"},{"year":"1996","key":"63"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11258-008-9442-x"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1658\/1100-9233(2005)016[0675:hdaibt]2.0.co;2"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021229832634"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s026646749800011x"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-009-0304-4"},{"volume":"128","year":"2014","series-title":"Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability","key":"69"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Forestry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijfr\/2017\/2818132.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijfr\/2017\/2818132.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijfr\/2017\/2818132.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T19:10:33Z","timestamp":1718997033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijfr\/2017\/2818132\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["2818132","2818132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/2818132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9368","1687-9376"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-9368"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-9376"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}