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The AREDS and AREDS2 studies demonstrated that supplements including vitamins C and E, beta\u2010carotene, and zinc may reduce the progression to advanced AMD, in some patients, by 25% in five years. This is one of the few nutritional supplements known to have beneficial effects in any eye disease. Lutein\/zeaxanthin supplementation may have beneficial effects in some individuals whereas omega\u20103 fatty acids supplementation needs to be further investigated and supported by more evidence. Genetic factors may explain the different patterns of response and explain differences found among individuals. More importantly, a combination of lifestyle behaviors such as the avoidance of smoking, physical activity, and the adoption of a healthy dietary pattern like the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower prevalence of AMD. The adoption of these lifestyles may reduce the prevalence of the early stages of AMD and decrease the number of individuals who develop advanced AMD and consequently the onerous and climbing costs associated with the treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6469138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T21:35:51Z","timestamp":1483652151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Age\u2010Related Macular Degeneration: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2585-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Paulo","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_1_2","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Resnikoff S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.2851"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.10.1439"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12950"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6257(05)80092-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20723"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(13)70145-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0273"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2004.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4397"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra0801537"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.073643"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.8.1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf092"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.011866"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101908"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.7.995"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118823408.ch11"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_2","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant protection: current status and relevance to disease","volume":"33","author":"Offord E.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118823408.ch8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300457200"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_30_2","first-page":"850","article-title":"Carotenoids in the human macula and whole retina","volume":"29","author":"Handelman G. 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