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The main goal of this paper is to apply X-ray diffraction, partially supported by infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy to determine changes in burned human bones and teeth in terms of mineral phase transformations. Samples of 36 bones and 12 teeth were heated at 1050\u00b0C and afterwards subjected to XRD and ATR-IR. The crystallinity index was calculated for every sample. A quantitative evaluation of phases was documented by using the Rietveld approach. In addition to bioapatite, the following mineralogical phases were found in the bone: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-tricalcium phosphate (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-TCP) (Ca<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>(PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), lime (CaO), portlandite (Ca(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), calcite (CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), and buchwaldite (NaCaPO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>). In the case of bone, besides bioapatite, only the first two mineralogical phases and magnesium oxide were present. We also observed that the formation of <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-TCP affects the phosphate peaks used for CI calculation. Therefore, caution is needed when its occurrence and evaluation are carried out. This is an important warning for tracking heat-induced changes in human bone, in terms of physicochemical properties related to structure, which is expected to impact in forensic, bioanthropological, and archaeological contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5954146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T19:37:14Z","timestamp":1525289834000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>\u03b2<\/i>-Tricalcium Phosphate Interferes with the Assessment of Crystallinity in Burned Skeletal Remains"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5133-5925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Piga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, 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Portugal"}]},{"given":"Assumpci\u00f3","family":"Malgosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Antropologia Biologica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Enzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Archaeosciences Laboratory, Directorate General for Cultural Heritage and LARC\/CIBIO\/InBIO, Rua da Bica do Marqu\u00eas 2, 1300-087 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 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