{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T04:53:11Z","timestamp":1774414391269,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. To analyze and compare choroidal thickness between keratoconus (KC) patients and age-matched non-KC subjects. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A cross-sectional, case-control study. One hundred and thirty-four keratoconic eyes and 78 control eyes, from individuals aged from 12 to 30 years old, were studied. Patients with KC followed in Corneal Department of Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal, were identified and consecutively included between December 2017 and February 2018. A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) using depth enhanced imaging was performed, and choroidal thickness in the center of the fovea and at 500\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m intervals along a horizontal section was measured and compared. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The statistical analysis showed that keratoconic eyes present a thicker choroid in every measured location (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) values obtained were 375.86\u2009\u00b1\u200989.29 and 322.91\u2009\u00b1\u200985.14 in keratoconus and control groups, respectively (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). In a multivariate analysis, SFCT was significantly associated with spherical equivalent (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.004<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and the presence of keratoconus (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), but not with age (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.167<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), gender (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.579<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), or best-corrected visual acuity (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.178<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). In a \u201cfixed model,\u201d keratoconus patients were found to have a 67.55\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m (95% CI 36.61\u201398.49) thicker subfoveal choroid compared to controls. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Keratoconus patients seem to have a thicker choroid than healthy individuals. The exact pathophysiological mechanism resulting in a thicker choroid in KC patients is not known, but it could possibly be associated with inflammatory choroidal mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2453931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T18:30:20Z","timestamp":1575397820000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Increased Choroidal Thickness in Keratoconus Patients: Perspectives in the Disease Pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7289-4045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pinheiro-Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Viana Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Perestrelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3820-4597","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Nuno","family":"Beato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Torr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisete","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Dulce","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Falc\u00e3o-Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 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