{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T22:02:58Z","timestamp":1764194578783,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014148","name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014148","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parkinson's Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Pain is a major nonmotor symptom of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and central parkinsonian pain is the core feature of the putative Park pain subtype of PD. This study aimed to explore the cognitive and behavioral profile of PD patients with central parkinsonian pain. Material and Methods. A structured interview was used to identify and characterize pain in a cohort of 260 consecutive PD patients. The Ford classification of pain was applied. The Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) and the Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Short Form (QUIP-S) were administered, and patients\u2019 smoking habits were recorded. The Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was used to assess motor and nonmotor symptoms in off and on conditions. Results. One hundred and eighty-eight patients (68%) reported pain; and in 41 (22%) of them, the pain was classified as central parkinsonian pain. PD patients with central parkinsonian pain had better cognitive performance in DRS-2 Initiation\/Perseveration and Conceptualization subscales but reported more other compulsive behaviors (e.g., hobbyism, punding, and walkabout) and had more current smoking habits than those without pain or with non-central parkinsonian pain. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the DRS-2 Conceptualization subscale, other compulsive behaviors, and smoking habits remained statistically associated with central parkinsonian pain even when other significant covariates were considered. Only patients with pain, regardless of type, had a gambling disorder. Discussion. The study results provide further evidence that pain revealed that patients with central parkinsonian pain are more likely to present compulsive or addictive behaviors, despite having more preserved cognitive performance. Patients with central parkinsonian pain appear to have a distinct phenotype of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5553460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T23:05:23Z","timestamp":1623366323000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Central Pain in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Behavioral and Cognitive Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-2328","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N.","family":"Vila-Ch\u00e3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology of Human Behavior, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unity in Multidisciplinary Research on Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cavaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology of Human Behavior, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology of Human Behavior, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unity in Multidisciplinary Research on Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology of Human Behavior, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unity in Multidisciplinary Research on Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology of Human Behavior, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unity in Multidisciplinary Research on Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology of Human Behavior, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unity in Multidisciplinary Research on Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dam\u00e1sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8421-2937","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L. F.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"National Observatory for Pain\u2013NOPain, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Castro-Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Observatory for Pain\u2013NOPain, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)60492-x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00007856"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.027"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26510"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-012-0915-7"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22716"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1413"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.s206182"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.01.034"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23823"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181"},{"key":"12","first-page":"153","article-title":"Unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale, recent developments in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume-title":"Recent Developments in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","author":"S. Fahn","year":"1987"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22571"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27689"},{"volume-title":"Manual da Vers\u00e3o Portuguesa da Dementia Rating Scale-2","year":"2011","author":"T. P. A. Cavaco S","key":"15"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.002"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.08.006"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ajp.0000000000000536"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.1622"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8675930"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.7067"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13323"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879901200403"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10280"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22173"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(16)30230-7"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000010813"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13474"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21900"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13396"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/jba.2.2013.010"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s109285291900107x"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp054"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000494"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.05.017"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73756-z"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26160"}],"container-title":["Parkinson's Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/pd\/2021\/5553460.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/pd\/2021\/5553460.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/pd\/2021\/5553460.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T23:05:29Z","timestamp":1623366329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/pd\/2021\/5553460\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["5553460","5553460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5553460","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-0080","2090-8083"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2042-0080"},{"type":"print","value":"2090-8083"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]}}}