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Numerous studies report the relationship between neuroinflammatory processes and exposure to anthropogenic air pollutants, but few refer to natural pollutants. Volcanoes are highly inhabited natural sources of environmental pollution that induce changes in the nervous system, such as reactive astrogliosis or the blood\u2010brain barrier breakdown in exposed individuals; however, no neuroinflammatory event has been yet defined. To this purpose, we studied resting microglia, reactive microglia, and TNF<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> production in the brains of mice chronically exposed to an active volcanic environment on the island of S\u00e3o Miguel (Azores, Portugal). For the first time, we demonstrate a proliferation of microglial cells and an increase in reactive microglia, as well an increase in TNF<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> secretion, in the central nervous system of individuals exposed to volcanogenic pollutants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5891095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T18:04:26Z","timestamp":1633975466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Health Hazards of Volcanoes: First Evidence of Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus of Mice Exposed to Active Volcanic Surroundings"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2881-7568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Navarro-Sempere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Peinado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9851-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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