{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:35:26Z","timestamp":1768480526463,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":114,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bergapten (BP) or 5\u2010methoxypsoralen (5\u2010MOP) is a furocoumarin compound mainly found in bergamot essential oil but also in other citrus essential oils and grapefruit juice. This compound presents antibacterial, anti\u2010inflammatory, hypolipemic, and anticancer effects and is successfully used as a photosensitizing agent. The present review focuses on the research evidence related to the therapeutic properties of bergapten collected in recent years. Many preclinical and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> studies have been evidenced the therapeutic action of BP; however, few clinical trials have been carried out to evaluate its efficacy. These clinical trials with BP are mainly focused on patients suffering from skin disorders such as psoriasis or vitiligo. In these trials, the administration of BP (oral or topical) combined with UV irradiation induces relevant lesion clearance rates. In addition, beneficial effects of bergamot extract were also observed in patients with altered serum lipid profiles and in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver. On the contrary, there are no clinical trials that investigate the possible effects on cancer. Although the bioavailability of BP is lower than that of its 8\u2010methoxypsoralen (8\u2010MOP) isomer, it has fewer side effects allowing higher concentrations to be administered. In conclusion, although the use of BP has therapeutic applications on skin disorders as a sensitizing agent and as components of bergamot extract as hypolipemic therapy, more trials are necessary to define the doses and treatment guidelines and its usefulness against other pathologies such as cancer or bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8615242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T22:20:09Z","timestamp":1650925209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["[Retracted] Pharmacological Properties of Bergapten: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Aspects"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Maria Magdalena","family":"Quetglas-Llabr\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2090-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Quispe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0739-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Herrera-Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcelo D.","family":"Catarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ol\u00edvia R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana M.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Dua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5567-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh Kumar","family":"Chellappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Pabreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Satija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Meenu","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-6838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Sureda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3183-7623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miquel","family":"Martorell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1087-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinara","family":"Satmbekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1745-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balakyz","family":"Yeskaliyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7301-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Sharifi-Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Naeem","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2032-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Butnariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3099-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iulia Cristina","family":"Bagiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1528-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu Vasile","family":"Bagiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1523-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Calina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4174-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William C.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S2056989016011221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.17-0190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b05637"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-019-00585-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.01.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9507246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-016-0212-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf803489p"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(10)70387-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","unstructured":"PlantlistT. 2021 http:\/\/www.theplantlist.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70048-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00375840"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555726567"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Past, Present and Future of Photochemoprotection and Other Biological Activities","author":"Brodie R. R.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","first-page":"1338","article-title":"5-Methoxypsoralen: bioavailability and pharmacokinetics","volume":"32","author":"Nitsche V.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-70515517"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00772.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498259209053162"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","volume-title":"Phytomedicines: Synergistic and Antagonistic Phytometabolites-Drug Interactions","author":"Butnariu M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","volume-title":"Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemistry of Various Plant Containing Coumarin Derivatives","author":"Asif M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410902800665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202100155"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","article-title":"Allergic airway-induced hypersensitivity is attenuated by bergapten in murine models of inflammation","volume":"3","author":"Aidoo D. B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2012.659527"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00279-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","first-page":"1516","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities of extracts and isolated coumarins from the roots of four Ferulago species growing in Turkey","volume":"18","author":"Karakaya S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.49.877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1994.tb01746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00412492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20964\/2016.11.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12298031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-02025-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3687700"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2012.00816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2017.1297903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22685"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156800909788486786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2282-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_2","first-page":"1972","article-title":"Bergapten induces G1 arrest of non-small cell lung cancer cells, associated with the p53-mediated cascade","volume":"19","author":"Chiang S. R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31925\/farmacia.2021.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.12.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2184-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2794"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_2","article-title":"Diosgenin and 5-methoxypsoralen ameliorate insulin resistance through ER-\u03b1\/PI3K\/Akt-signaling pathways in HepG2 cells","volume":"7493694","author":"Fang K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_2","article-title":"Preliminary in vitro and in vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss. and its linear furanocoumarins","volume":"480545","author":"Shalaby N. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2010.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1979.tb00014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0640-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530319666181203151513"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_2","article-title":"Bergamot reduces plasma lipids, atherogenic small dense LDL, and subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia: a 6 months prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Toth P. P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2020.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/amsad.2019.86756"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15761\/IFNM.1000249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_2","article-title":"The anxiolytic effect of aromatherapy on patients awaiting ambulatory surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"927419","author":"Ni C. H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101153"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_2","article-title":"Epibatidine: a promising natural alkaloid in health","volume":"9","author":"Salehi B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2019.4191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_2","article-title":"Cucurbita plants: from farm to industry","volume":"9","author":"Salehi B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Sciences-Basel"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11114915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_2","article-title":"Curcumin\u2019s nanomedicine formulations for therapeutic application in neurological diseases","volume":"9","author":"Salehi B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9849584","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"record-id":"57669"},{"DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9849584","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000}}],"container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2022\/8615242.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2022\/8615242.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2022\/8615242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T01:22:27Z","timestamp":1748913747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2022\/8615242"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"ChongDe","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2022\/8615242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/8615242","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"retraction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1155\/2024\/9849584","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1942-0900","1942-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-0900","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8615242"}}