{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T19:44:39Z","timestamp":1778010279566,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010193","name":"Korea Electric Power Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21XO01-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21XO01-34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Improving efficiency with sustainable radial distribution networks (RDNs) is challenging for larger systems and small grid-connected RDNs. In this paper, the optimal placement of DGs with the Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) under seasonal load demands is proposed to simultaneously reduce total active and reactive power losses and minimize bus voltage drops with the consideration of operational constraints of RDNs. HHO is a newly inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm primarily based on the Harris hawks\u2019 intelligent behaviors during the chasing of the prey. Furthermore, the authors have investigated four stages of DGs. The first stage involves the optimal allocation of one DG. The second stage includes an investigation with two DGs, the third stage considers three DGs, and the fourth stage investigates the integration of four DGs. The effectiveness of the applied HHO is validated on IEEE 33 and 69 bus RDNs, and results are analyzed by comparing with the standard optimization methods. The Big-O test is also executed for statistical analysis with standard algorithms. The simulation results reveal the better performance of the applied HHO under different circumstances than other algorithms. Furthermore, the total active and reactive power losses and bus voltage drops are improved by adding more DGs into IEEE 33 and 69 bus RDNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8640423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T18:35:10Z","timestamp":1656614110000},"page":"1-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Optimal Placement and Sizing Problem for Power Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Improvement of Distribution Networks under Seasonal Loads Using Harris Hawks Optimizer"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3380-1851","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Habib Ur Rahman","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila 47050, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6500-0990","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asad","family":"Waqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-5015","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sharoze","family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Air University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-516X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdul Khalique","family":"Junejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah 67450, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7900-4351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahmoud F.","family":"Elmorshedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1975-4334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheheryar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Professional Education and Executive Development, College of Professional & Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 100077, Hong Kong"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-929X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yun-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Energy Convergence, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5554-6084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Moustafa Magdi","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8234-4_47"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2018.08.040"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RSER.2015.12.099"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RSER.2016.10.071"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPECON.2010.5697067"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/IET-GTD.2010.0676"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2015.09.002"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2011.2112316"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2005.846219"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21563306.2011.10462202"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ASEJ.2015.07.002"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JESTCH.2016.11.009"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S40807-017-0040-1"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ASOC.2019.105938"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15435075.2011.625590"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2014.06.031"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2015.07.034"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2013.06.023"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00202-019-00878-7"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT-ASIA.2019.8881761"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2016.01.003"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/IET-GTD.2016.2126"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2014.09.020"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RENENE.2016.09.023"},{"key":"25","article-title":"Optimal sizing and placement of DG units in radial distribution system using cuckoo search algorithm","author":"M. Ghosh","year":"2021"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITCE.2018.8316645"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00521-018-3603-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-1805-66","article-title":"Optimal DG allocation for enhancing voltage stability and minimizing power loss using hybrid gray wolf optimizer","volume":"27","author":"S. Kamel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22109\/JEMT.2018.116625.1059"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ASOC.2019.02.013"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/IET-STG.2018.0146"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01430750.2018.1451371"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2012.2197227"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SWEVO.2013.12.001"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENCONMAN.2014.12.037"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PISC.2016.04.048"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2726586"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RENENE.2017.12.106"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2018.2796847"},{"issue":"1","key":"40","article-title":"Optimal allocation of renewable distributed generation and capacitor banks in distribution systems using salp swarm algorithm","volume":"9","author":"S. S. Kola","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER)"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/EN12030553"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ASOC.2020.106067"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GUCON.2018.8674930"},{"key":"44","article-title":"Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation in microgrid for power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement","author":"F. Moaidi","year":"2019"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S13198-019-00779-9"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S40807-019-0056-9"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EGYR.2020.12.004"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PECI48348.2020.9064636"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2021.3072862"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EUROCON52738.2021.9535617"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22068\/IJEEE.17.3.1916"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FUTURE.2019.02.028"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2961811"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JCLEPRO.2019.118778"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-0615(00)00040-5"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00521-021-06185-2"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2014.06.011"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/1070\/1\/012099"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2050-7038.12694"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/EN14165206"},{"key":"61","article-title":"Harris Hawks optimization technique for optimal reconfiguration of radial distribution networks efficient power flow solution paradigm view project","author":"H. Hamour"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00521-021-05720-5"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ASEJ.2015.10.009"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/EN13184615"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ASEJ.2020.05.002"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2010.2062542"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2015.11.039"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/EN10040455"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3025782"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2014.04.034"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2014.12.090"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJEPES.2014.12.075"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2014.2302912"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENERGY.2020.117911"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AEJ.2017.11.003"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ASEJ.2020.07.009"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22266\/ijies2019.0228.28"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.APENERGY.2018.07.100"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2013.2260117"},{"issue":"1","key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-1806-181","article-title":"Heuristic optimization techniques for voltage stability enhancement of radial distribution network with simultaneous consideration of network reconfiguration and DG sizing and allocations","volume":"27","author":"M. S. Rawat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ETEP.2754"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JESIT.2017.05.006"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SWEVO.2017.12.008"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2975714"}],"container-title":["International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/itees\/2022\/8640423.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/itees\/2022\/8640423.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/itees\/2022\/8640423.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T18:35:17Z","timestamp":1656614117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/itees\/2022\/8640423\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sitharthan","family":"R","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["8640423","8640423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/8640423","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]}}}