{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:48:14Z","timestamp":1772984894482,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":230,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geofluids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The barite of the Jbel Irhoud deposit in Western Jebilet, Morocco, is a Paleozoic massif known for its mineralization, which occurs mainly in shale, sandstone, and Middle Cambrian limestone. Three main types of barite deposits are known in the area: karst, vein fillings, and limestone replacement. The karst formations make up the majority of the reserves. Barite\u2010quartz\u2010galena and Fe\u2010Cu\u2010Zn\u2010 and Ag\u2010sulfides, as well as hematite\u2010carbonates, form the mineral paragenesis. Oxidation and mixing models are proposed for the deposition of barite. To check the effects of oxidation, numerical modeling of aqueous fluid composition for Irhoud barite deposition (at 150\u00b0C\u2013250\u00b0C, Psat, and 1\u20136\u2009m NaCl) was performed using a program developed by Professor Moine at the Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse, France. It shows that a large amount of barium can be transported as Ba\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (barium chloride becomes more significant at relatively high temperatures) and that the decrease in solubility of barium under the given conditions can be caused by an increase in\n                    <jats:italic>fO2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with or without a decrease in temperature, pressure, and\/or salinity. Moreover, it is shown that the mixing of two fluids with different compositions leads to an oxidation (and a partial decrease in temperature) that causes a significant decrease in the solubility of barium (more than 130\u2009ppm) and thus an efficient precipitation of barite in the Jbel Irhoud deposit. This modeling could be used to explain the manifestation of fluids with different compositions associated with the deposition of barite worldwide. The hydrothermal and structurally controlled Irhoud barite is the result of rapid decompression and Ba\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/BaCl\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    transport under moderate to high P\u2013T conditions, suggesting an epigenetic, postsedimentary system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/gfl\/6364240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T11:36:39Z","timestamp":1755603399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling the Barite Deposition Process in the Jbel Irhoud Deposit, Western Jebilet, Morocco: Implications for Barite Exploration and Insights Into Mineralization Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Fouad","family":"Benchekroun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdel Mohsine","family":"Aghzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1798-8070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"Wafik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed Ben","family":"massoude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4885-2838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef","family":"Atif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-5120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin Beiranvand","family":"Pour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7756-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel","family":"Shirazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aref","family":"Shirazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","unstructured":"USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries January 2021 Barite 2021 https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/periodicals\/mcs2021\/mcs2021-barite.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Les min\u00e9ralisations barytiques du Maroc","volume":"531","author":"Azza A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chronique de la Recherche Mini\u00e8re"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","volume-title":"Etudes g\u00e9ologiques et m\u00e9tallog\u00e9niques des min\u00e9ralisations barytiques de Jbel Ighoud (Jebilet Occidentales, Maroc)","author":"Ghaffouli H.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","article-title":"Etude g\u00e9ologique et g\u00eetologique du massif hercynien des Jebilet (Maroc occidental)","volume":"232","author":"Huvelin P.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Notes Du Service G\u00e9ologique Du Maroc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"La barytine au Maroc","volume":"5","author":"Huvelin P.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Mines & G\u00e9ologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 la connaissance des min\u00e9ralisations en domaien karstique. Exemple des karsts barytiques du Jebel Ighoud (jebilets occidentales, Maroc). Hydrodynamiques, m\u00e9canismes d\u2032ouvertures, formations min\u00e9ralogiques et modes de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts des min\u00e9ralisations","volume":"110","author":"Falzon H.","year":"1985","journal-title":"G\u00e9ologie africaine. Colloque. Congr\u00e8s National des Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Savantes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","volume-title":"Les karsts barytiques de Jbel Ighoud (Jebilet, Maroc)","author":"Azza A.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/95.3.587"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","unstructured":"Roch\u00c9. 1930 \u00c9tudes G\u00e9ologiques Dans La R\u00e9gion M\u00e9ridionale Du Maroc Occidental. Notes Et M\u00e9moires Du Service G\u00e9ologique [Du Protectorat Fran\u00e7ais Au Maroc] Protat Fr\u00e8res Impr. M\u00e2con 542\u2009p. Avec Planche(s) Et Carte G\u00e9ologique."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","article-title":"G\u00e9ologie De La Partie Occidentale De La Boutonni\u00e8re Des Jebilet, Maroc. Th\u00e8se Univ. Aix-Marseille III et Trav","volume":"27","author":"Mayol S.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lab. Sci. Terre, Marseille, s\u00e9rie B"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","volume-title":"Min\u00e9ralisations Filoniennes et Karstiques de Barytine Dans Les Jebilet Occidentales (M\u00e9s\u00e9ta, Maroc): Contexte Tectonique, \u00c9tude Isotopique (S, O, Sr) Et Microthermom\u00e9trie Des Inclusions Fluides","author":"Valenza K.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","unstructured":"MouttaqiA. Etude g\u00e9ologique et g\u00eetologique des indices miniers de l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 Nord-Ouest du massif des Jebilet (Meseta occidentale Maroc) : un exemple de relation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre une min\u00e9ralisation stratiforme de couverture et des filons du socle pal\u00e9ozo\u00efque(Th\u00e8se 3\u00e8me cycle Univ. Cadi Ayyad 1987)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","article-title":"Lithostratigraphie, biostratigraphie et micropal\u00e9ontologie des formations du Lias au Kimm\u00e9ridgien du bassin atlantique marocain d\u2019El Jadida\u2013Agadir (Maroc)","volume":"22","author":"Bouaouda M. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trav. Inst.. Sci., Rabat, s\u00e9r. G\u00e9ol. & G\u00e9ogr. Phys."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Nouveaux guides g\u00e9ologiques et miniers du Maroc, vol. 7","author":"Medina F.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"Le gisement de barytine du Jbel Irhoud (Jebilet occidentales)","volume":"564","author":"Wafik A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Notes et M\u00e9m. Serv. G\u00e9ol. Maroc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","volume-title":"Gangue Mineral Transport and Deposition, Chapter 10","author":"Rimstidt J. D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.281.10.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","first-page":"47","article-title":"Origine et mode de mise en place de la barytine du gisement de Bou Ouzzal (Meseta marocaine)","author":"El Hnot H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin de l\u2032Institut Scientifique, Rabat"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(94)90034-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1180\/minmag.1991.055.379.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.87.1.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","first-page":"942","article-title":"Barite Solubilities and Thermodynamic Quantities up to 300 Degrees C and 1400 Bars","volume":"62","author":"Blount C. W.","year":"1977","journal-title":"American Mineralogist"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Solubility of Barite in Concentrated Chloride Solutions of Some Metals at Elevated Temperatures in Relation to Problems of the Genesis of Barite Deposits","author":"Uchameyshvili N. Y.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Geokhimiya"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie2020558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.83.8.1907"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.66.2.252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","volume-title":"Stratigraphic and Structural Controls and Genesis of Barite Deposits in Washington County, Missouri","author":"Wagner R. J.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.75.8.1168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"A Fluid Inclusion Study of a Large MVT Barite-Fluorite Deposit: Komshecheh, Central Iran","volume":"31","author":"Rajabzadeh M. A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction A"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-6742(00)00014-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","unstructured":"MoineB. Labo. Min. Cristallo. U.P.S. Toulouse France doc. in\u00e9dit 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(88)90164-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(78)90048-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(98)00209-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.87.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2008.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PalyanovaG. Palyanova Experimental and Thermodynamical Modeling of Ore-Forming Processes in Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems 2019.","DOI":"10.3390\/min8120590"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","volume-title":"Hydrothermal Reactions and Techniques: The Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Hydrothermal Reactions","author":"Shi Z.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2014.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.82.7.1864"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(91)90157-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-3004(92)90029-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.295.10.1255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(97)00274-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","volume-title":"Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits","author":"Barnes H. L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(98)00209-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.267.7.729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2017.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2015.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2015.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2020.119555"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_2","unstructured":"AzzaA. HuvelinP. andOvtrachtA. Le Gisement Barytique De Jbel Ighoud Rapp. SEGM Rabat no 1090 1998 in\u00e9dit."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2015.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(02)00191-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/ejm\/4\/5\/0921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/min6040120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/logos-2014-0015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3176\/earth.2017.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.99.4.807"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_2","article-title":"The Barite Industry and Resources of Texas","volume":"85","author":"Kyle J. R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mineral Resource Circular"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.76.1.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(93)90156-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227351a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5414.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(02)01048-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_2","first-page":"2185","article-title":"The Manicouagan Impact Melt Rock: A Proposed Standard for the Intercalibration of U\u2013Pb and 40Ar\/39Ar Isotopic Systems","volume":"69","author":"Ramezani J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"Mesoproterozoic Mantle Heterogeneity in the SW Amazonian Craton: \u2074\u2070Ar\/\u00b3\u2079Ar and Nd-Sr Isotopic Evidence from Mafic-Felsic Rocks","volume":"29","author":"Teixeira W.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Episodes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_2","volume-title":"Continental Evolution: The Geology of Morocco","author":"Hafid M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2010.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02868-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/GES00047.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/DNAG-GNA-I2.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/DNAG-GNA-M.351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91JB02605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77076-3"}],"container-title":["Geofluids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/gfl\/6364240","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/gfl\/6364240","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/gfl\/6364240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:55:30Z","timestamp":1772963730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/gfl\/6364240"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Basim","family":"Abu-Jdayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/gfl\/6364240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/gfl\/6364240","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-8115","1468-8123"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1468-8115","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-8123","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6364240"}}