{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:11:59Z","timestamp":1761707519028},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An intense suppression of T cell proliferation to mitogens and to\nantigens is observed in a large number of parasitic infections.\nThe impairment of T cell proliferation also occurred during the\nacute phase of Chagas\u2032 disease, caused by the intracellular\nprotozoan parasite <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>. A wealth of\nevidence has accumulated that illustrates the ability of\n<jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> released molecules to influence directly a\nvariety of diverse immunological functions. In this paper, we\nreview the data concerning the immunoregulatory effects of\n<jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> Tc24 (a B cell activator antigen) and Tc52 (an\nimmunosuppressive protein) released molecules on the host immune\nsystem. The gene targeting approach developed to further explore\nthe biological function(s) of Tc52 molecule, revealed interesting\nunexpected functional properties. Indeed, in addition to its\nimmunusuppressive activity a direct or indirect involvement of\n<jats:italic>Tc52<\/jats:italic> gene product alone or in combination with other\ncellular components in <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> differentiation control\nmechanisms have been evidenced. Moreover, targeted Tc52\nreplacement allowed the obtention of parasite mutants exhibiting\nlow virulence <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Thus, the\ngeneration of a complete deficiency state of virulence factors by\ngene targeting should provide a means to assess the importance of\nthese factors in the pathophysiological processes and disease\nprogression. It is hoped that such approaches might allow\nrational design of tools to control <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\ninfections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/s1110724301000055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,16]],"date-time":"2002-09-16T12:00:16Z","timestamp":1032177616000},"page":"11-17","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["<i>Trypanosoma Cruzi<\/i>\u2010Induced Host Immune System Dysfunction: A Rationale for Parasite Immunosuppressive Factor(s) Encoding Gene Targeting"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Ouaissi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anabela Cordeiro","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Angel Gustavo","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Couthino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eliane","family":"Guilvard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2001\/696980.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2001\/696980.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/S1110724301000055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T11:29:45Z","timestamp":1722338985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/S1110724301000055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/S1110724301000055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/s1110724301000055","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2314-6133"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2314-6141"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}