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Due to the limited proliferative capacity of the corneal endothelium, cell loss or damage can affect visual health. The lack of healthy corneal donors worldwide limits corneal transplantation, which is still the most successful clinical treatment. Since stem cells possess self\u2010renewal capacity and can differentiate into various cell types including corneal endothelial cells (CECs), they represent a promising candidate for regenerative medicine. Many methods have been developed to induce stem cells to differentiate into CECs, mainly including chemical induction, physical induction, and coculture with adult corneal cells such as lens epithelial cells and CECs. In this review, the structure, function and marker identification of CECs are firstly introduced. Then, the methods and research progress regarding the differentiation of multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) and pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells [ESCs] and induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSCs]) into CECs are reviewed in detail, and both in vivo and clinical applications of stem cell\u2010derived CECs are discussed. 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