{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:52:52Z","timestamp":1772164372390,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Changes to androgen signaling during prostate carcinogenesis are associated with both inhibition of cellular differentiation and promotion of malignant phenotypes. The androgen receptor (AR)\u2013binding transcription factor RUNX2 has been linked to prostate cancer progression but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully defined. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide influence of RUNX2 on androgen-induced gene expression and AR DNA binding in prostate cancer cells. RUNX2 inhibited the androgen response partly by promoting the dissociation of AR from its target genes such as the tumor suppressor NKX3-1. However, AR activity persists in the presence of RUNX2 at other AR target genes, some of which are cooperatively stimulated by androgen and RUNX2 signaling. These genes are associated with putative enhancers co-occupied by AR and RUNX2. One such gene, the invasion-promoting Snail family transcription factor SNAI2, was co-activated by AR and RUNX2. Indeed, these two transcription factors together, but neither alone stimulated prostate cancer cell invasiveness, which could be abolished by SNAI2 silencing. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical analysis of SNAI2 in archived primary prostate cancer specimens revealed a correlation with the RUNX2 histoscore, and simultaneous strong staining for SNAI2, RUNX2, and AR (but not any pair alone) was associated with disease recurrence. Overall, our findings suggest cooperation between AR and RUNX in the stimulation of oncogenes such as SNAI2, which might be targeted for individualized prostate cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2857\u201368. \u00a92014 AACR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-13-2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T01:36:00Z","timestamp":1395279360000},"page":"2857-2868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Differential Effects of RUNX2 on the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer: Synergistic Stimulation of a Gene Set Exemplified by SNAI2 and Subsequent Invasiveness"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Gillian H.","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev K.","family":"Baniwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helty","family":"Adisetiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Groshen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nyam-Osor","family":"Chimge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Hawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy O.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Pinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dustin E.","family":"Schones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baruch","family":"Frenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2Orthopedic Surgery, 3Preventive Medicine, and 4Medicine; 5Institute for Genetic Medicine; 6USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Departments of 7Molecular Pharmacology and 8Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1086","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061703504612300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.04.056","article-title":"Androgen receptor regulates a distinct transcription program in androgen-independent prostate 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