{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:44:11Z","timestamp":1784630651055,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can lead to a range of deleterious responses in the skin. An important form of damage is the DNA photolesion cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). CPDs can be highly mutagenic if not repaired prior to cell division and can lead to UV-induced immunosuppression, making them potentially carcinogenic. UVR exposure also produces vitamin D, a prehormone. Different shapes of the steroid hormone 1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] can produce biological responses through binding either to its cognate nuclear receptor (VDR) to regulate gene transcription or to the VDR associated with plasma membrane caveolae to produce, via signal transduction, nongenomic physiologic responses. Here, we show that both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 1\u03b1,25(OH)2-lumisterol (JN), a conformationally restricted analogue that can generate only nongenomic responses, are effective inhibitors of UV damage in an immunocompetent mouse (Skh:hr1) model susceptible to UV-induced tumors. Both 1,25(OH)2D3 and JN significantly reduced UVR-induced CPD, apoptotic sunburn cells, and immunosuppression. Furthermore, these compounds inhibited skin tumor development, both papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas, in these mice. The observed reduction of these UV-induced effects by 1,25(OH)2D3 and JN suggests a role for these compounds in prevention against skin carcinogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report of an in vivo long-term biological response generated by chronic dosing with a nongenomic-selective vitamin D steroid. Cancer Prev Res; 4(9); 1485\u201394. \u00a92011 AACR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.capr-11-0165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,7]],"date-time":"2011-07-07T00:22:19Z","timestamp":1309998139000},"page":"1485-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["1\u03b1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D and a Nongenomic Vitamin D Analogue Inhibit Ultraviolet Radiation\u2013Induced Skin Carcinogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Disciplines of 1Physiology and 2Medicine, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, 3Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and 4Department of Biochemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Disciplines of 1Physiology and 2Medicine, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, 3Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and 4Department of Biochemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa B.","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Disciplines of 1Physiology and 2Medicine, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, 3Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and 4Department of Biochemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Disciplines of 1Physiology and 2Medicine, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, 3Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and 4Department of Biochemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Rybchyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Disciplines of 1Physiology and 2Medicine, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, 3Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and 4Department of Biochemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivienne E.","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Disciplines of 1Physiology and 2Medicine, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, 3Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and 4Department of Biochemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Disciplines of 1Physiology and 2Medicine, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, 3Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and 4Department of Biochemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: Disciplines of 1Physiology and 2Medicine, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, 3Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and 4Department of Biochemistry and Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1086","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022060816113214200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(71)90701-7","article-title":"Production of pyrimidine dimers in DNA in the dark","volume":"43","author":"Lamola","year":"1971","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2022060816113214200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13765","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604213103","article-title":"Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are predominant DNA lesions in whole human skin exposed to UVA 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