{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:14:54Z","timestamp":1791616494638,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Senescence induction contributes to cancer therapy responses and is crucial for p53-mediated tumor suppression. However, whether p53 inactivation actively suppresses senescence induction has been unclear. Here, we show that E2F1 overexpression, due to p53 or p21 inactivation, promotes expression of human oncoprotein CIP2A, which in turn, by inhibiting PP2A activity, increases stabilizing serine 364 phosphorylation of E2F1. Several lines of evidence show that increased activity of E2F1-CIP2A feedback renders breast cancer cells resistant to senescence induction. Importantly, mammary tumorigenesis is impaired in a CIP2A-deficient mouse model, and CIP2A-deficient tumors display markers of senescence induction. Moreover, high CIP2A expression predicts for poor prognosis in a subgroup of patients with breast cancer treated with senescence-inducing chemotherapy. Together, these results implicate the E2F1-CIP2A feedback loop as a key determinant of breast cancer cell sensitivity to senescence induction. This feedback loop also constitutes a promising prosenescence target for therapy of cancers with an inactivated p53\u2013p21 pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Significance: It has been recently realized that most currently used chemotherapies exert their therapeutic effect at least partly by induction of terminal cell arrest, senescence. However, the mechanisms by which cell-intrinsic senescence sensitivity is determined are poorly understood. Results of this study identify the E2F1-CIP2A positive feedback loop as a key determinant of breast cancer cell sensitivity to senescence and growth arrest induction. Our data also indicate that this newly characterized interplay between 2 frequently overexpressed oncoproteins constitutes a promising prosenescence target for therapy of cancers with inactivated p53 and p21. Finally, these results may also facilitate novel stratification strategies for selection of patients to receive senescence-inducing cancer therapies. Cancer Discov; 3(2); 182\u201397. \u00a92013 AACR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 125<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-12-0292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T02:29:27Z","timestamp":1357871367000},"page":"182-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Senescence Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells Is Defined by Positive Feedback Loop between CIP2A and E2F1"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Anni","family":"Laine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"Sihto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Come","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias T.","family":"Rosenfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Zwolinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anchit","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen 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for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veli-Matti","family":"K\u00e4h\u00e4ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirkko-Liisa","family":"Kellokumpu-Lehtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen J.","family":"Sansom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard I.","family":"Evan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku 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Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Marine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Joensuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 4Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and 5Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, 6Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum, and 7Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki; 8Institute of Biomedical Technology and 9Department of Oncology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 10The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 11Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Human Genetics and VIB11\u2014Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB-KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium; 12Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and 13Department of Pathology and Helen Diller"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Westermarck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations: 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, and 2Turku Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku; Departments of 3Pathology, 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