{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:29:25Z","timestamp":1790371765271,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society Hope Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRSG-16-152-01-CCE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRSG-16-152-01-CCE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA013696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA013696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA054174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA054174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA068485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA068485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA196521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA196521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA009515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA009515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA203703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA203703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA189828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA189828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA189974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA189974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA231840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA231840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HG008341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HG008341"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH NCATS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR000445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Among 2,186 U.S. adults with invasive cancer and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we examined the association of COVID-19 treatments with 30-day all-cause mortality and factors associated with treatment. Logistic regression with multiple adjustments (e.g., comorbidities, cancer status, baseline COVID-19 severity) was performed. Hydroxychloroquine with any other drug was associated with increased mortality versus treatment with any COVID-19 treatment other than hydroxychloroquine or untreated controls; this association was not present with hydroxychloroquine alone. Remdesivir had numerically reduced mortality versus untreated controls that did not reach statistical significance. Baseline COVID-19 severity was strongly associated with receipt of any treatment. Black patients were approximately half as likely to receive remdesivir as white patients. Although observational studies can be limited by potential unmeasured confounding, our findings add to the emerging understanding of patterns of care for patients with cancer and COVID-19 and support evaluation of emerging treatments through inclusive prospective controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluating the potential role of COVID-19 treatments in patients with cancer in a large observational study, there was no statistically significant 30-day all-cause mortality benefit with hydroxychloroquine or high-dose corticosteroids alone or in combination; remdesivir showed potential benefit. Treatment receipt reflects clinical decision-making and suggests disparities in medication access.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-20-0941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T18:35:11Z","timestamp":1595442911000},"page":"1514-1527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Utilization of COVID-19 Treatments and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Cancer: A COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4565-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna R.","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, Rockville, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solange","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orestis A.","family":"Panagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimpy P.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Population Health Sciences, Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Kuderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Advanced Cancer Research Group, LLC, Kirkland, Washington."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yuan","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Deparment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Deparment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni K.","family":"Choueiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Gilberto","family":"de Lima Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3965-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petros","family":"Grivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington."},{"name":"11Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrie A.","family":"Painter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Count Me In, Cambridge, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian I.","family":"Rini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Deparment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Arcobello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1906-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad","family":"Bakouny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah B.","family":"Doroshow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York."},{"name":"16Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela C.","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"17Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology\/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Farmakiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"18Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Fecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"19Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Friese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"20School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7655-9378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Galsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York."},{"name":"16Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-7568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"21Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"22Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8460-1257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorvardur R.","family":"Halfdanarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"23Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balazs","family":"Halmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"21Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1720-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"24Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Raza","family":"Khaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Lemmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"22Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7775-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"25Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"17Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology\/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1458-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Pennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"22Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9281-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Puc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"26Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, Virtua Health, Marlton, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7430-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay G.","family":"Revankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Schapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"27Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary K.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"24Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit A.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"27Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2388-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie T.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"27Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoer","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"23Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-7360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert C.","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huili","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Shyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary H.","family":"Lyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2851-7242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy L.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Deparment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee."},{"name":"28Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1086","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4","article-title":"OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19 death in 17 million patients","volume":"584","author":"Williamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31187-9","article-title":"Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Kuderer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib3","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with covid-19\u2014preliminary report","author":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb1901642","article-title":"The magic of randomization versus the myth of real-world evidence","volume":"382","author":"Collins","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31324-6","article-title":"Retraction\u2014Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis","volume":"395","author":"Mehra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2021225","article-title":"Retraction: cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Mehra","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-214297","article-title":"Importance of collecting data on socioeconomic determinants from the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak onwards","volume":"74","author":"Khalatbari-Soltani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4885","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03036-14","article-title":"Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection","volume":"58","author":"Dyall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00302","article-title":"The Immunomodulatory effects of macrolides-a systematic review of the underlying mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Gautret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237","article-title":"In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"71","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30317-2","article-title":"Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury","volume":"395","author":"Russell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13940-6","article-title":"Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV","volume":"11","author":"Sheahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e474","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30173-9","article-title":"Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheum"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","article-title":"Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York city area","volume":"323","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib16","article-title":"FDA drug safety communication: azithromycin (zithromax or zmax) and the risk of potentially fatal heart rhythms [Internet]","author":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib17","article-title":"FDA cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems [Internet]","author":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020050589","article-title":"Remdesivir in patients with acute or chronic kidney disease and COVID-19","volume":"31","author":"Adamsick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6548","article-title":"COVID-19 and African Americans","volume":"323","author":"Yancy","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa2011686","article-title":"Hospitalization and mortality among black patients and white patients with Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Price-Haywood","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2012910","article-title":"Racial health disparities and Covid-19\u2014caution and context","volume":"383","author":"Chowkwanyun","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_243729","article-title":"Overcoming barriers to clinical trial enrollment","volume":"39","author":"Nipp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.0980","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in patients with cancer at a tertiary care hospital in Wuhan, China","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30096-6","article-title":"Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China","volume":"21","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30309-0","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib26","first-page":"894","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"China"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31173-9","article-title":"COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30314-4","article-title":"COVID-19 in patients with thoracic malignancies (TERAVOLT): first results of an international, registry-based, cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Garassino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30310-7","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0516","article-title":"Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York hospital system","volume":"10","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-4207","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in nonhospitalized adults with early COVID-19","author":"Skipper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007016","article-title":"Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Grein","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015301","article-title":"Remdesivir for 5 or 10 days in patients with severe Covid-19","author":"Goldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764","article-title":"Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19\u2014preliminary report","author":"Beigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009758","article-title":"Confounding by indication: an example of variation in the use of epidemiologic terminology","volume":"149","author":"Salas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib36","article-title":"Collider bias undermines our understanding of COVID-19 disease risk and severity","author":"Griffith","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-0065-z","article-title":"Crowdsourcing a crisis response for COVID-19 in oncology","author":"Desai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.04.018","article-title":"The COVID-19 and cancer consortium: a collaborative effort to understand the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer","volume":"37","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346248","article-title":"UpSet: visualization of intersecting sets","volume":"20","author":"Lex","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors","volume":"15","author":"Harrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib41","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib42","volume-title":"RMS: Regression modeling strategies. R package version 6.0-0","author":"Harrell","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08","article-title":"MatchIt: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference","volume":"42","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib44","article-title":"hmisc: harrell miscellaneous","author":"Harrell","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01","article-title":"Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib46","article-title":"Horseshoe: implementation of the horseshoe prior","author":"van der Pas","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","article-title":"pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"Robin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib48","article-title":"UpSetR: a more scalable alternative to Venn and Euler diagrams for visualizing intersecting sets","author":"Gehlenborg","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022060701051996000_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i05","article-title":"mediation: R package for causal mediation analysis","volume":"59","author":"Tingley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"}],"container-title":["Cancer Discovery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerdiscovery\/article-pdf\/10\/10\/1514\/1794986\/1514.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerdiscovery\/article-pdf\/10\/10\/1514\/1794986\/1514.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T11:35:08Z","timestamp":1723289708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerdiscovery\/article\/10\/10\/1514\/6370\/Utilization-of-COVID-19-Treatments-and-Clinical"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-20-0941","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1158\/2159-8290.22536610.v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1158\/2159-8290.22536610","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1158\/2159-8290.c.6548182.v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1158\/2159-8290.c.6548182","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2159-8274","2159-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2159-8274","type":"print"},{"value":"2159-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}}}