{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:58:34Z","timestamp":1793321914292,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"BMO Financial Group"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI UM1 Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA186644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA186644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trials represent a fulcrum for oncology drug discovery and development to bring safe and effective medicines to patients in a timely manner. Clinical trials have shifted from traditional studies evaluating cytotoxic chemotherapy in largely histology-based populations to become adaptively designed and biomarker-driven evaluations of molecularly targeted agents and immune therapies in selected patient subsets. This review will discuss the scientific, methodological, practical, and patient-focused considerations to transform clinical trials. A call to action is proposed to establish the framework for next-generation clinical trials that strikes an optimal balance of operational efficiency, scientific impact, and value to patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The future of cancer clinical trials requires a framework that can efficiently transform scientific discoveries to clinical utility through applications of innovative technologies and dynamic design methodologies. Next-generation clinical trials will offer individualized strategies which ultimately contribute to globalized knowledge and collective learning, through the joint efforts of all key stakeholders including investigators and patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-20-1301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T04:25:21Z","timestamp":1617337521000},"page":"822-837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["The Future of Clinical Trial Design in Oncology"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Spreafico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Drug Development Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"2Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, 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