{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:26:51Z","timestamp":1793734011050,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":196,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["131461-RSG-17-202-01-TBG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131461-RSG-17-202-01-TBG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01CA222517-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01CA222517-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Starr Cancer Consortium","award":["SCC I14-0023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCC I14-0023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>The WNT signaling pathway is a critical regulator of development and adult tissue homeostasis and becomes dysregulated in many cancer types. Although hyperactivation of WNT signaling is common, the type and frequency of genetic WNT pathway alterations can vary dramatically between different cancers, highlighting possible cancer-specific mechanisms for WNT-driven disease. In this review, we discuss how WNT pathway disruption contributes to tumorigenesis in different organs and how WNT affects the tumor cell and immune microenvironment. Finally, we describe recent and ongoing efforts to target oncogenic WNT signaling as a therapeutic strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WNT signaling is a fundamental regulator of tissue homeostasis and oncogenic driver in many cancer types. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of WNT signaling in cancer, particularly the complexities of WNT activation in distinct cancer types, its role in immune evasion, and the challenge of targeting the WNT pathway as a therapeutic strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-21-0190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T12:15:16Z","timestamp":1631535316000},"page":"2413-2429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":251,"title":["WNT as a Driver and Dependency in Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4046-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie J.","family":"Parsons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3675-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuomas","family":"Tammela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7048-1418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas E.","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York."},{"name":"3Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1086","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(82)90409-3","article-title":"Many tumors induced by the mouse mammary tumor virus contain a provirus integrated in the same region of the host genome","volume":"31","author":"Nusse","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02429.x","article-title":"Molecular cloning of sequences from wingless, a segment polarity gene in Drosophila: the spatial distribution of a transcript in embryos","volume":"6","author":"Baker","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.012","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling and disease","volume":"149","author":"Clevers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2008.02.001","article-title":"Cell regulation by the Apc protein Apc as master regulator of epithelia","volume":"20","author":"McCartney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11430","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11430","article-title":"Wnt pathway activation by ADP-ribosylation","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.06.013","article-title":"YAP\/TAZ incorporation in the \u03b2-catenin destruction complex orchestrates the Wnt response","volume":"158","author":"Azzolin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.09.014","article-title":"Tankyrase inhibitors target YAP by stabilizing angiomotin family proteins","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.10.003","article-title":"Monounsaturated fatty acid modification of Wnt protein: its role in Wnt secretion","volume":"11","author":"Takada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10337","article-title":"Lgr5 homologues associate with Wnt receptors and mediate R-spondin signalling","volume":"476","author":"de Lau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11452","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106083108","article-title":"R-spondins function as ligands of the orphan receptors LGR4 and LGR5 to regulate Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling","volume":"108","author":"Carmon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11308","article-title":"Tumour suppressor RNF43 is a stem-cell E3 ligase that induces endocytosis of Wnt receptors","volume":"488","author":"Koo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11019","article-title":"ZNRF3 promotes Wnt receptor turnover in an R-spondin-sensitive manner","volume":"485","author":"Hao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3127","article-title":"RNF43 is frequently mutated in colorectal and endometrial cancers","volume":"46","author":"Giannakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307218110","article-title":"Inactivating mutations of RNF43 confer Wnt dependency in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"110","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70589","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12130","article-title":"RNF43 and ZNRF3 are commonly altered in serrated pathway colorectal tumorigenesis","volume":"7","author":"Bond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/nature756","article-title":"Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt\/beta-catenin signalling","volume":"417","author":"Mao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a015081","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a015081","article-title":"Secreted and transmembrane wnt inhibitors and activators","volume":"5","author":"Cruciat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.01.025","article-title":"Wnt\/Beta-catenin signaling regulation and a role for biomolecular condensates","volume":"48","author":"Schaefer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3996","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721321115","article-title":"TMEM59 potentiates Wnt signaling by promoting signalosome formation","volume":"115","author":"Gerlach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.07.039","article-title":"TMEM88 inhibits Wnt signaling by promoting Wnt signalosome localization to multivesicular bodies","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4575","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13922","article-title":"Molecular regulation and pharmacological targeting of the \u03b2-catenin destruction complex","volume":"174","author":"van Kappel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E19-11-0647","article-title":"Wnt regulation: exploring Axin-Disheveled interactions and defining mechanisms by which the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase is recruited to the destruction complex","volume":"31","author":"Schaefer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.12.001","article-title":"RAPGEF5 regulates nuclear translocation of \u03b2-catenin","volume":"44","author":"Griffin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev164145","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.164145","article-title":"Destruction complex dynamics: Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling alters Axin-GSK3\u03b2 interactions in vivo","volume":"146","author":"Lybrand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704465104","article-title":"Real-time imaging of beta-catenin dynamics in cells and living mice","volume":"104","author":"Naik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23387","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23387","article-title":"A novel Axin2 knock-in mouse model for visualization and lineage tracing of WNT\/CTNNB1 responsive cells","volume":"58","author":"van de Moosdijk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3419","article-title":"WNT signalling pathways as therapeutic targets in cancer","volume":"13","author":"Anastas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2016.304","article-title":"Wnt signaling in cancer","volume":"36","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-09-0282","article-title":"Wnt\/Planar cell polarity signaling: a new paradigm for cancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109636","article-title":"Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling are simultaneously activated by Wnts in colon cancer cells","volume":"72","author":"Flores-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.04.029","article-title":"Paracrine and autocrine signals induce and maintain mesenchymal and stem cell states in the breast","volume":"145","author":"Scheel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2014.10.003","article-title":"Insight into the role of Wnt5a-induced signaling in normal and cancer cells","volume":"314","author":"Endo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.1996.0018","article-title":"Epithelial cell migration in the intestine","volume":"20","author":"Heath","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2360","article-title":"WNT signalling in the immune system: WNT is spreading its wings","volume":"8","author":"Staal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1324905","article-title":"Defining the impact of beta-catenin\/Tcf transactivation on epithelial stem cells","volume":"19","author":"Lowry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05766","article-title":"Wnt-dependent de novo hair follicle regeneration in adult mouse skin after wounding","volume":"447","author":"Ito","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2667","article-title":"Macrophage-derived Wnt opposes Notch signaling to specify hepatic progenitor cell fate in chronic liver disease","volume":"18","author":"Boulter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.157","article-title":"A Gata6-Wnt pathway required for epithelial stem cell development and airway regeneration","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2013.204","article-title":"Unlimited in vitro expansion of adult bi-potent pancreas progenitors through the Lgr5\/R-spondin axis","volume":"32","author":"Huch","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03319","article-title":"Wnt signalling in stem cells and cancer","volume":"434","author":"Reya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09637","article-title":"Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts","volume":"469","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0084-4","article-title":"Subepithelial telocytes are an important source of Wnts that supports intestinal crypts","volume":"557","author":"Shoshkes-Carmel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3173","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1713510115","article-title":"PDGFR\u03b1(+) pericryptal stromal cells are the critical source of Wnts and RSPO3 for murine intestinal stem cells in vivo","volume":"115","author":"Greicius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21591-9","article-title":"Differential regulation of \u03b2-catenin-mediated transcription via N- and C-terminal co-factors governs identity of murine intestinal epithelial stem cells","volume":"12","author":"Borrelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13771","article-title":"Death in the intestinal epithelium-basic biology and implications for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"283","author":"Blander","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0081-y","article-title":"Tales from the crypt: new insights into intestinal stem cells","volume":"16","author":"Gehart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.12.004","article-title":"Clinical sequencing defines the genomic landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"33","author":"Yaeger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01358-x","article-title":"Mutational signatures reveal the dynamic interplay of risk factors and cellular processes during liver tumorigenesis","volume":"8","author":"Letouz\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.233627.113","article-title":"Diminished WNT \u2192 \u03b2-catenin \u2192 c-MYC signaling is a barrier for malignant progression of BRAFV600E-induced lung tumors","volume":"28","author":"Juan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0083-2","article-title":"Mapping the in vivo fitness landscape of lung adenocarcinoma tumor suppression in mice","volume":"50","author":"Rogers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.015","article-title":"Cooperation between distinct cancer driver genes underlies intertumor heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"159","author":"Molina-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17216","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404761101","article-title":"Liver-targeted disruption of Apc in mice activates beta-catenin signaling and leads to hepatocellular carcinomas","volume":"101","author":"Colnot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.287404","article-title":"Loss of Apc in vivo immediately perturbs Wnt signaling, differentiation, and migration","volume":"18","author":"Sansom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5931","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.21.5931","article-title":"Intestinal polyposis in mice with a dominant stable mutation of the beta-catenin gene","volume":"18","author":"Harada","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.033","article-title":"Apc restoration promotes cellular differentiation and reestablishes crypt homeostasis in colorectal cancer","volume":"161","author":"Dow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04208-6","article-title":"The effects of mutational processes and selection on driver mutations across cancer types","volume":"9","author":"Temko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(81)90021-0","article-title":"Identification and characterization of the familial adenomatous polyposis coli gene","volume":"66","author":"Groden","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.134.1.165","article-title":"The adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein localizes to plasma membrane sites involved in active cell migration","volume":"134","author":"N\u00e4thke","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2005.07.024","article-title":"Non-traditional roles for the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein","volume":"361","author":"Hanson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.100479","article-title":"Interactions and functions of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein at a glance","volume":"126","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2009.12.007","article-title":"Spindle orientation bias in gut epithelial stem cell compartments is lost in precancerous tissue","volume":"6","author":"Quyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.150","article-title":"The many faces and functions of \u03b2-catenin","volume":"31","author":"Valenta","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.13.1549","article-title":"The \u2018just-right\u2019 signaling model: APC somatic mutations are selected based on a specific level of activation of the beta-catenin signaling cascade","volume":"11","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000816","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000816","article-title":"Genetic dissection of differential signaling threshold requirements for the Wnt\/beta-catenin pathway in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Buchert","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301601","article-title":"A basal gradient of Wnt and stem-cell number influences regional tumour distribution in human and mouse intestinal tracts","volume":"62","author":"Leedham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.486","article-title":"Different APC genotypes in proximal and distal sporadic colorectal cancers suggest distinct WNT\/\u03b2-catenin signalling thresholds for tumourigenesis","volume":"32","author":"Christie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0289","article-title":"Distinct colorectal cancer-associated APC mutations dictate response to tankyrase inhibition","volume":"9","author":"Schatoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000547","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000547","article-title":"A targeted constitutive mutation in the APC tumor suppressor gene underlies mammary but not intestinal tumorigenesis","volume":"5","author":"Gaspar","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a007989","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007989","article-title":"Wnt signaling, stem cells, and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"4","author":"Schepers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.11.032","article-title":"Wnt signaling in adult intestinal stem cells and cancer","volume":"26","author":"Krausova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11252","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer","volume":"487","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas Network","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00375.x","article-title":"Familial adenomatous polyposis","volume":"101","author":"Galiatsatos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1350108","article-title":"Multiple intestinal neoplasia caused by a mutation in the murine homolog of the APC gene","volume":"256","author":"Su","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07602","article-title":"Crypt stem cells as the cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer","volume":"457","author":"Barker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06196","article-title":"Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5","volume":"449","author":"Barker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41838","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41838","article-title":"Intestinal cancer stem cells marked by Bmi1 or Lgr5 expression contribute to tumor propagation via clonal expansion","volume":"7","author":"Yanai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G16","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00358.2013","article-title":"Inducible loss of one Apc allele in Lrig1-expressing progenitor cells results in multiple distal colonic tumors with features of familial adenomatous polyposis","volume":"307","author":"Powell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI73434","article-title":"Long-lived intestinal tuft cells serve as colon cancer-initiating cells","volume":"124","author":"Westphalen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.12.012","article-title":"Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and acquisition of stem-cell-like properties","volume":"152","author":"Schwitalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.02.020","article-title":"The intestinal stem cell signature identifies colorectal cancer stem cells and predicts disease relapse","volume":"8","author":"Merlos-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1224676","article-title":"Lineage tracing reveals Lgr5+ stem cell activity in mouse intestinal adenomas","volume":"337","author":"Schepers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3742","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.333","article-title":"Bmi1 is required for tumorigenesis in a mouse model of intestinal cancer","volume":"33","author":"Maynard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21713","article-title":"A distinct role for Lgr5(+) stem cells in primary and metastatic colon cancer","volume":"543","author":"de Sousa e Melo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22081","article-title":"Visualization and targeting of LGR5(+) human colon cancer stem cells","volume":"545","author":"Shimokawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.11.001","article-title":"HOXA5 counteracts stem cell traits by inhibiting Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer","volume":"28","author":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Mor\u00e1n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI94292","article-title":"Histone methyltransferase SETD2 modulates alternative splicing to inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis","volume":"127","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.115","article-title":"Differential effects of oncogenic K-Ras and N-Ras on proliferation, differentiation and tumor progression in the colon","volume":"40","author":"Haigis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.293449.116","article-title":"Oncogenic Kras drives invasion and maintains metastases in colorectal cancer","volume":"31","author":"Boutin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.3.884","article-title":"Synergy between Apc min and an activated ras mutation is sufficient to induce colon carcinomas","volume":"16","author":"D'Abaco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djt373","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt373","article-title":"Role of oncogenic K-Ras in cancer stem cell activation by aberrant Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"106","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09898-0","article-title":"MEK inhibitors activate Wnt signalling and induce stem cell plasticity in colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Zhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3806","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99325","article-title":"Wnt signaling suppresses MAPK-driven proliferation of intestinal stem cells","volume":"128","author":"Kabiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.280","article-title":"Wnt addiction of genetically defined cancers reversed by PORCN inhibition","volume":"35","author":"Madan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6581","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i48.6581","article-title":"ShRNA-mediated gene silencing of beta-catenin inhibits growth of human colon cancer cells","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00862","article-title":"Restoration of full-length adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein in a colon cancer cell line enhances cell adhesion","volume":"117","author":"Faux","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11282","article-title":"Recurrent R-spondin fusions in colon cancer","volume":"488","author":"Seshagiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4709","article-title":"Frequent PTPRK-RSPO3 fusions and RNF43 mutations in colorectal traditional serrated adenoma","volume":"239","author":"Sekine","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311606","article-title":"RSPO3 expands intestinal stem cell and niche compartments and drives tumorigenesis","volume":"66","author":"Hilkens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15945","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15945","article-title":"R-Spondin chromosome rearrangements drive Wnt-dependent tumour initiation and maintenance in the intestine","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16466","article-title":"Targeting PTPRK-RSPO3 colon tumours promotes differentiation and loss of stem-cell function","volume":"529","author":"Storm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.053","article-title":"Prospective derivation of a living organoid biobank of colorectal cancer patients","volume":"161","author":"van de Wetering","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-1536","article-title":"Lineage reversion drives WNT independence in intestinal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103932","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019103932","article-title":"RNF43 truncations trap CK1 to drive niche-independent self-renewal in cancer","volume":"39","author":"Spit","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7548","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508113112","article-title":"Porcupine inhibitor suppresses paracrine Wnt-driven growth of Rnf43;Znrf3-mutant neoplasia","volume":"112","author":"Koo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5619","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-0957","article-title":"The functional landscape of patient-derived RNF43 mutations predicts sensitivity to Wnt inhibition","volume":"80","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.12.009","article-title":"Human pancreatic tumor organoids reveal loss of stem cell niche factor dependence during disease progression","volume":"22","author":"Seino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-1232-5","article-title":"Commonly observed RNF43 mutations retain functionality in attenuating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling and unlikely confer Wnt-dependency onto colorectal cancers","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54931-3","article-title":"The most common RNF43 mutant G659Vfs*41 is fully functional in inhibiting Wnt signaling and unlikely to play a role in tumorigenesis","volume":"9","author":"Tu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2256","article-title":"Integrated analysis of somatic mutations and focal copy-number changes identifies key genes and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Guichard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i20.6317","article-title":"Integrative analysis of aberrant Wnt signaling in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23538","article-title":"Accelerated liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice overexpressing serine-45 mutant beta-catenin","volume":"51","author":"Nejak-Bowen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.10.014","article-title":"Sequential transcriptome analysis of human liver cancer indicates late stage acquisition of malignant traits","volume":"60","author":"Marquardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09780-z","article-title":"Promotion of growth factor signaling as a critical function of \u03b2-catenin during HCC progression","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604422","article-title":"Common dysregulation of Wnt\/Frizzled receptor elements in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"99","author":"Bengochea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2322","article-title":"Wnt-pathway activation in two molecular classes of hepatocellular carcinoma and experimental modulation by sorafenib","volume":"18","author":"Lachenmayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib116","first-page":"269","article-title":"Childhood hepatoblastomas frequently carry a mutated degradation targeting box of the beta-catenin gene","volume":"59","author":"Koch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.009","article-title":"The genomic landscape of hepatoblastoma and their progenies with HCC-like features","volume":"61","author":"Eichenm\u00fcller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.6.867","article-title":"Hepatoblastoma and APC gene mutation in familial adenomatous polyposis","volume":"39","author":"Giardiello","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248012","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1248012","article-title":"Stem cell signaling. An integral program for tissue renewal and regeneration: Wnt signaling and stem cell control","volume":"346","author":"Clevers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.07.012","article-title":"Repair and regeneration of the respiratory system: complexity, plasticity, and mechanisms of lung stem cell function","volume":"15","author":"Hogan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.098186","article-title":"Lung development: orchestrating the generation and regeneration of a complex organ","volume":"141","author":"Herriges","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djt356","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt356","article-title":"Wnt signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"106","author":"Stewart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgn017","article-title":"Epigenetic alteration of Wnt pathway antagonists in progressive glandular neoplasia of the lung","volume":"29","author":"Licchesi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31820c5189","article-title":"Aberrant Wnt1\/\u03b2-catenin expression is an independent poor prognostic marker of non-small cell lung cancer after surgery","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44871","article-title":"Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling accelerates mouse lung tumorigenesis by imposing an embryonic distal progenitor phenotype on lung epithelium","volume":"121","author":"Pacheco-Pinedo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22334","article-title":"A Wnt-producing niche drives proliferative potential and progression in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"545","author":"Tammela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.11.001","article-title":"Cancer metastasis: building a framework","volume":"127","author":"Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1190","article-title":"JUNB governs a feed-forward network of TGF\u03b2 signaling that aggravates breast cancer invasion","volume":"46","author":"Sundqvist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib129","first-page":"117","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the tumor microenvironment, and metastatic behavior of epithelial malignancies","volume":"3","author":"Talbot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib130","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Wnt pathway is involved in advanced gastric carcinoma","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib131","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Frequent up-regulation of WNT2 in primary gastric cancer and colorectal cancer","volume":"19","author":"Katoh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10439","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2359","article-title":"Expression of Wnt-5a is correlated with aggressiveness of gastric cancer by stimulating cell migration and invasion","volume":"66","author":"Kurayoshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4642","article-title":"Upregulation of the expression of Wnt5a promotes the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in a nude mouse model","volume":"13","author":"Bo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34094-3","article-title":"High expression of WNT7A predicts poor prognosis and promote tumor metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2015.10.005","article-title":"The canonical Wnt pathway regulates the metastasis-promoting mucin MUC4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Pai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.03.006","article-title":"NLRC5 regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway","volume":"376","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.11.019","article-title":"RNF6 facilitates metastasis and radioresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through ubiquitination of FoxA1","volume":"374","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-018-0071-5","article-title":"LGR5 regulates gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via activating Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3837","article-title":"Transplantation of engineered organoids enables rapid generation of metastatic mouse models of colorectal cancer","volume":"35","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3265","article-title":"To differentiate or not\u2014routes towards metastasis","volume":"12","author":"Brabletz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.02.008","article-title":"Plasticity of Lgr5-negative cancer cells drives metastasis in colorectal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0852-0","article-title":"Alterations in Wnt- and\/or STAT3 signaling pathways and the immune microenvironment during metastatic progression","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5016","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12807-0","article-title":"Microenvironmental IL1\u03b2 promotes breast cancer metastatic colonisation in the bone via activation of Wnt signalling","volume":"10","author":"Eyre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.02.025","article-title":"Metastatic latency and immune evasion through autocrine inhibition of WNT","volume":"165","author":"Malladi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-1242","article-title":"Somatic tissue engineering in mouse models reveals an actionable role for WNT pathway alterations in prostate cancer metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Leibold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-2377","article-title":"\u03b2-catenin promotes regulatory T-cell responses in tumors by inducing vitamin A metabolism in dendritic cells","volume":"75","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414167112","article-title":"\u03b2-Catenin in dendritic cells exerts opposite functions in cross-priming and maintenance of CD8+ T cells through regulation of IL-10","volume":"112","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1707","article-title":"Beta-catenin stabilization extends regulatory T cell survival and induces anergy in nonregulatory T cells","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102282","article-title":"Immune suppression and resistance mediated by constitutive activation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in human melanoma cells","volume":"189","author":"Yaguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14404","article-title":"Melanoma-intrinsic \u03b2-catenin signalling prevents anti-tumour immunity","volume":"523","author":"Spranger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0074","article-title":"\u03b2-catenin activation promotes immune escape and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Ruiz de Galarreta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1942","article-title":"WNT\/\u03b2-catenin pathway activation correlates with immune exclusion across human cancers","volume":"25","author":"Luke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-1327","article-title":"Genetic mechanisms of immune evasion in colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Grasso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6834","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00208","article-title":"Preclinical lead optimization of a 1,2,4-triazole based tankyrase inhibitor","volume":"63","author":"Waaler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809947","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2020.1809947","article-title":"\u03b2-Catenin inhibition shapes tumor immunity and synergizes with immunotherapy in colorectal cancer","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib156","article-title":"Wnt pathway antagonist OMP-54F28 (FZD8-Fc) inhibits tumor growth and reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency in patient-derived hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer xenograft models [abstract]","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5\u20139; San Diego, CA","author":"Yeung","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11717","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120068109","article-title":"Wnt pathway inhibition via the targeting of Frizzled receptors results in decreased growth and tumorigenicity of human tumors","volume":"109","author":"Gurney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20224","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314239110","article-title":"Targeting Wnt-driven cancer through the inhibition of Porcupine by LGK974","volume":"110","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2019-3874","article-title":"Abstract 3874: efficacy of the Wnt\/Beta-catenin pathway inhibitor RXC004 in genetically-defined models of cancer","volume":"79","author":"Woodcock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0908-1","article-title":"PORCN inhibition synergizes with PI3K\/mTOR inhibition in Wnt-addicted cancers","volume":"38","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C45","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.TARG-15-C45","article-title":"Abstract C45: phase I study of WNT974, a first-in-class porcupine inhibitor, in advanced solid tumors","volume":"14","author":"Janku","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.02.017","article-title":"Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation","volume":"8","author":"Glass","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00170","article-title":"Wnt pathway in bone repair and regeneration\u2014what do we know so far?","volume":"6","author":"Houschyar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200201089","article-title":"Cbfa1-independent decrease in osteoblast proliferation, osteopenia, and persistent embryonic eye vascularization in mice deficient in Lrp5, a Wnt coreceptor","volume":"157","author":"Kato","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0017-8","article-title":"Bone loss from Wnt inhibition mitigated by concurrent alendronate therapy","volume":"6","author":"Madan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36447-4","article-title":"A novel tankyrase inhibitor, MSC2504877, enhances the effects of clinical CDK4\/6 inhibitors","volume":"9","author":"Menon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0138-T","article-title":"Inhibiting tankyrases sensitizes KRAS-mutant cancer cells to MEK inhibitors via FGFR2 feedback signaling","volume":"74","author":"Schoumacher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4003","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13805","article-title":"RK-287107, a potent and specific tankyrase inhibitor, blocks colorectal cancer cell growth in a preclinical model","volume":"109","author":"Mizutani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0226645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226645","article-title":"Tankyrase inhibition sensitizes cells to CDK4 blockade","volume":"14","author":"Foronda","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623315621192","article-title":"Tankyrase inhibition causes reversible intestinal toxicity in mice with a therapeutic index &lt; 1","volume":"44","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-4562","article-title":"A novel tankyrase small-molecule inhibitor suppresses APC mutation-driven colorectal tumor growth","volume":"73","author":"Lau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41307","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5846","article-title":"E7449: a dual inhibitor of PARP1\/2 and tankyrase1\/2 inhibits growth of DNA repair deficient tumors and antagonizes Wnt signaling","volume":"6","author":"McGonigle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0916-5","article-title":"First-in-human study of the PARP\/tankyrase inhibitor E7449 in patients with advanced solid tumours and evaluation of a novel drug-response predictor","volume":"123","author":"Plummer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.453","article-title":"Small-molecule inhibition of Wnt signaling through activation of casein kinase 1\u03b1","volume":"6","author":"Thorne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.11.017","article-title":"Pyrvinium sensitizes clear cell renal cell carcinoma response to chemotherapy via casein kinase 1\u03b1-dependent inhibition of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin","volume":"355","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaak9916","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aak9916","article-title":"Differential abundance of CK1\u03b1 provides selectivity for pharmacological CK1\u03b1 activators to target WNT-dependent tumors","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.169","article-title":"Small-molecule inhibition of CBP\/catenin interactions eliminates drug-resistant clones in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"33","author":"Gang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-0782","article-title":"E7386, a selective inhibitor of the interaction between \u03b2-catenin and CBP, exerts antitumor activity in tumor models with activated canonical Wnt signaling","volume":"81","author":"Yamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5954","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017496108","article-title":"An RNAi-based chemical genetic screen identifies three small-molecule inhibitors of the Wnt\/wingless signaling pathway","volume":"108","author":"Gonsalves","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.09.009","article-title":"The CLK inhibitor SM08502 induces anti-tumor activity and reduces Wnt pathway gene expression in gastrointestinal cancer models","volume":"473","author":"Tam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.03.004","article-title":"Synthetic lethality of Wnt pathway activation and asparaginase in drug-resistant acute leukemias","volume":"35","author":"Hinze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-1472","article-title":"Exploiting the therapeutic interaction of WNT pathway activation and asparaginase for colorectal cancer therapy","volume":"10","author":"Hinze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-16-0578","article-title":"APC mutations as a potential biomarker for sensitivity to tankyrase inhibitors in colorectal cancer","volume":"16","author":"Tanaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-17-0362","article-title":"Tankyrase inhibition enhances the antiproliferative effect of PI3K and EGFR inhibition, mutually affecting \u03b2-catenin and AKT signaling in colorectal cancer","volume":"16","author":"Solberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0434-5","article-title":"Targeting \u03b2-catenin overcomes MEK inhibition resistance in colon cancer with KRAS and PIK3CA mutations","volume":"120","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606773","article-title":"Loss of AXIN1 drives acquired resistance to WNT pathway blockade in colorectal cancer cells carrying RSPO3 fusions","volume":"9","author":"Picco","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.3588","article-title":"Molecular landscape of colorectal cancers harboring R-spondin fusions","volume":"37","author":"Seeber","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.104976","article-title":"Stroma provides an intestinal stem cell niche in the absence of epithelial Wnts","volume":"141","author":"Kabiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.09.005","article-title":"Identification of Lgr5-independent spheroid-generating progenitors of the mouse fetal intestinal epithelium","volume":"5","author":"Mustata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.11.001","article-title":"YAP\/TAZ-dependent reprogramming of colonic epithelium links ECM remodeling to tissue regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Yui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1154-y","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomes of the regenerating intestine reveal a revival stem cell","volume":"569","author":"Ayyaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.12.018","article-title":"AXIN deficiency in human and mouse hepatocytes induces hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of \u03b2-catenin activation","volume":"68","author":"Abitbol","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.023","article-title":"An organoid biobank of neuroendocrine neoplasms enables genotype-phenotype mapping","volume":"183","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4307","article-title":"SOX2 promotes lineage plasticity and antiandrogen resistance in TP53- and RB1-deficient prostate cancer","volume":"355","author":"Mu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4199","article-title":"Rb1 and Trp53 cooperate to suppress prostate cancer lineage plasticity, metastasis, and antiandrogen resistance","volume":"355","author":"Ku","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022060711444425900_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6377","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7377","article-title":"RB loss in resistant EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinomas that transform to small-cell lung cancer","volume":"6","author":"Niederst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Cancer Discovery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerdiscovery\/article-pdf\/11\/10\/2413\/3082736\/2413.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerdiscovery\/article-pdf\/11\/10\/2413\/3082736\/2413.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T13:52:51Z","timestamp":1699451571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerdiscovery\/article\/11\/10\/2413\/665559\/WNT-as-a-Driver-and-Dependency-in-CancerWNT-as-a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"references-count":196,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-21-0190","relation":{},"ISSN":["2159-8274","2159-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2159-8274","type":"print"},{"value":"2159-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]}}}