{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:18:24Z","timestamp":1788247104176,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA291876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA291876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA284108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA284108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012287","name":"Andrew Sabin Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Andrew Sabin Family Excellence Endowment Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Andrew Sabin Family Excellence Endowment Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) cancer vaccines have progressed rapidly, with personalized platforms such as mRNA-4157 and BNT122 demonstrating feasibility, safety, and durable immune activity but limited scalability. Off-the-shelf constructs, including BNT111 and BNT113, enable faster, broader deployment, yet they risk reduced precision or immune tolerance. These complementary approaches reveal key translational dualities: personalization versus shared antigen (off-the-shelf), potency versus safety, and speed versus durability. This mini-review synthesizes emerging clinical evidence and outlines strategies such as modular vaccine design, prime\u2013boost vaccination regimens, and adaptive trial frameworks to reconcile these trade-offs and advance scalable, durable mRNA vaccines for broad oncologic impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By dissecting the competing design pressures that shape mRNA vaccine performance, this mini-review proposes integrative strategies, spanning modular architectures, prime\u2013boost regimens, and adaptive trials, to reconcile immunologic potency with manufacturability and safety, charting a roadmap toward next-generation cancer vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-25-1456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:07:32Z","timestamp":1788246452000},"page":"1739-1749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Translational Challenges and Opportunities in mRNA Cancer Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5163-3924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Dong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04twxam07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1 Department of Neurosurgery, , Houston, Texas."},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04twxam07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 2 Brain Tumor Center, , Houston, Texas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8138-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Schrank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04twxam07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, , Houston, Texas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5776-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James J.","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04twxam07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 4 Department of Immunology, , Houston, Texas."},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04twxam07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 5 James P. 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