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The gene-expression signatures may help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and predict the therapeutic responses and overall survival of patients with cancer. Potential biomarkers in cancer cells include stem cell\u2013like markers [CD133, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD44, and CD24], growth factors, and their cognate receptors [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFRvIII, and HER2], molecules associated with epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT; vimentin, N-cadherin, snail, twist, and Zeb1), regulators of altered metabolism (phosphatidylinositol-3\u2032 kinase\/Akt\/mTOR), and drug resistance (multidrug transporters and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1). Moreover, different pluripotency-associated transcription factors (Oct3\/4, Nanog, Sox2, and Myc) and microRNAs that are involved in the epigenetic reprogramming and acquisition of stem cell\u2013like properties by cancer cells during cancer progression may also be exploited as molecular biomarkers to predict the risk of metastases, systemic treatment resistance, and disease relapse of patients with cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(2); 234\u201354. \u00a92013 AACR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-13-0785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,23]],"date-time":"2013-11-23T06:57:54Z","timestamp":1385189874000},"page":"234-254","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Molecular Biomarkers of Cancer Stem\/Progenitor Cells Associated with Progression, Metastases, and Treatment Resistance of Aggressive Cancers"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Murielle","family":"Mimeault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska"}]},{"given":"Surinder K.","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular 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