{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:53:47Z","timestamp":1772164427663,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates important cellular processes and is frequently implicated in human tumors. Three EGFR polymorphisms have been described as having a transcriptional regulatory function: two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the essential promoter region, \u2212216G\/T and \u2212191C\/A, and a polymorphic (CA)n microsatellite sequence in intron 1. We aimed to elucidate the roles of these EGFR polymorphisms in glioma susceptibility and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We conducted a case\u2013control study with 196 patients with glioma and 168 cancer-free controls. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate associations with patient survival. False-positive report probabilities were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: None of the EGFR \u2212216G\/T variants was significantly associated with glioma risk. The \u2212191C\/A genotype was associated with higher risk for glioma when the (CA)n alleles were classified as short for \u226416 or \u226417 repeats. Independently of the (CA)n repeat cutoff point used, shorter (CA)n repeat variants were significantly associated with increased risk for glioma, particularly glioblastoma and oligodendroglioma. In all tested models with different (CA)n cutoff points, only \u2212191C\/A genotype was consistently associated with improved survival of patients with glioblastoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Our findings implicate EGFR \u2212191C\/A and the (CA)n repeat polymorphisms as risk factors for gliomas, and suggest \u2212191C\/A as a prognostic marker in glioblastoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Impact: Our data support a role of these EGFR polymorphisms in determining glioma susceptibility, with potential relevance for molecularly based stratification of patients with glioblastoma for individualized therapies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(12); 2610\u20137. \u00a92011 AACR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-11-0340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]],"date-time":"2011-12-07T02:29:00Z","timestamp":1323224940000},"page":"2610-2617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Impact of\n                    <i>EGFR<\/i>\n                    Genetic Variants on Glioma Risk and Patient Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Bruno Marques","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Viana-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Linhares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Pardal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Nabi\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Alegria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Manuel Melo","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rui M.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; 4IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departments of 6Pathology, 7Oncology, 8Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Marcos, Braga, Portugal; 9Unit of Neuropathology, 10Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. Ant\u00f3nio, Porto, Portugal; 11Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 12Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 2ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. 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