{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:10:45Z","timestamp":1761765045912},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Purpose: Most prostate cancer patients develop resistance to androgen deprivation treatment, resulting in hormone resistance. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) activates several pro-oncogenic intracellular pathways inducing proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis in epithelial cells. The EGF-EGF receptor pathway seems to be especially relevant in hormone-resistant prostate cancer stage. A single nucleotide polymorphism G&amp;gt;A in +61 locus of EGF gene has been described, in which A homozygous carriers express significantly less EGF protein compared with G allele carriers. Our purpose was to investigate the potential prognostic and predictive role of EGF functional genetic variant +61 G&amp;gt;A in prostate cancer patients submitted to androgen blockade therapy (ABT).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Experimental Design: We conducted a case-control study in prostate cancer patients treated with ABT (n = 123) and in healthy controls without evidence of cancer (n = 152). Cumulatively, a follow-up study (median follow-up, 37 months) was undertaken to evaluate response to ABT therapy in prostate cancer patients. EGF +61 G&amp;gt;A genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: We found increased risk in G carriers, after age-adjusted regression analysis, for being diagnosed with Gleason \u22657 and with metastatic disease compared with control group (CG; age-adjusted odds ratio, 3.37, P = 0.004 and age-adjusted odds ratio, 2.61, P = 0.043, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test showed an influence of EGF +61 G&amp;gt;A polymorphism in time to relapse during ABT (P = 0.018).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: EGF functional polymorphism may contribute to earlier relapse in ABT patients, supporting the involvement of EGF as an alternative pathway in hormone-resistant prostatic tumors. Furthermore, our results lend support to EGF-EGF receptor pathway as an additional therapeutic target during hormonal treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-07-5119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]],"date-time":"2008-06-02T19:46:02Z","timestamp":1212435962000},"page":"3367-3371","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Genetic Polymorphism in <i>EGF<\/i> Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Progression-Free Interval in Androgen Blockade\u2013Treated Patients"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ana L.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Molecular Oncology Group-CI,"},{"name":"4Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University;"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Molecular Oncology Group-CI,"},{"name":"4Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University;"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Molecular Oncology Group-CI,"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Molecular Oncology Group-CI,"},{"name":"2Virology Department, and"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Urology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto Centre;"}]},{"given":"Avelino","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Urology Department, Hospital Militar do Porto;"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Urology Department, Hospital S. Joa\u0303o, Porto, Portugal and"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Calais-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Urology Department, Lisbon Medical Centre (Central Region), Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Molecular Oncology Group-CI,"},{"name":"2Virology Department, and"},{"name":"4Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University;"}]}],"member":"1086","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061021394297100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsing Aw, Chokkalingam AP. Prostate cancer epidemiology. Front Biosci\u20082006;11:1388\u2013413.","DOI":"10.2741\/1891"},{"key":"2022061021394297100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pronzato P, Rondini M. Hormonotherapy of advanced prostate cancer. 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