{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T23:01:11Z","timestamp":1768690871769,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["aacrjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are cell-surface transmembrane receptors that contain regulated kinase activity within their cytoplasmic domain and play an important role in signal transduction in both normal and malignant cells. The mammalian TAM RTK family includes 3 closely related members: Tyro-3, Axl, and Mer. Overexpression or ectopic expression of the TAM receptors has been detected in a wide array of human cancers. Growth arrest-specific gene 6 has been identified as the major ligand for these TAM RTKs, and its binding to the receptors has been shown to promote proliferation and survival of cancer cells in vitro. Abnormal expression and activation of Axl or Mer can provide a survival advantage for certain cancer cells. Inhibition of Axl and Mer may enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to cytotoxic agents and would potentially be a therapeutic strategy to target cancer cells. This review elucidates the role of Axl and Mer in normal cellular function and their role in oncogenesis. In addition, we review the potential to inhibit these RTKs for the development of therapeutic targets in treatment of cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(10); 1763\u201373. \u00a92011 AACR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.mct-11-0116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,21]],"date-time":"2011-09-21T03:46:54Z","timestamp":1316576814000},"page":"1763-1773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Targeting Axl and Mer Kinases in Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1158","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Anupam","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Primary Children's Medical Center, and 2Center for Investigational Therapeutics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"},{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Primary Children's Medical Center, and 2Center for Investigational Therapeutics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Primary Children's Medical Center, and 2Center for Investigational Therapeutics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hariprasad","family":"Vankayalapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Primary Children's Medical Center, and 2Center for Investigational Therapeutics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Bearss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Primary Children's Medical Center, and 2Center for Investigational Therapeutics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Authors' Affiliations:\u20081Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Primary Children's Medical Center, and 2Center for Investigational Therapeutics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1086","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022060723574293400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90520-0","article-title":"The anticoagulation factor protein S and its relative, Gas6, are ligands for the Tyro 3\/Axl family of receptor tyrosine kinases","volume":"80","author":"Stitt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022060723574293400_bib2","first-page":"5016","article-title":"axl, a transforming gene isolated from 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