{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T06:33:44Z","timestamp":1759991624873,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":2,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt; Resistance of &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;\/i&gt; to penicillin is now widespread and rapidly increasing all over the world. This has led to the critical need for alternative antimicrobial therapy. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; To assess the activities of antimicrobial combinations, including cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and meropenem, time-kill studies were conducted against five strains of penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant &lt;i&gt;S.\u00a0pneumoniae&lt;\/i&gt; at clinically achievable antimicrobial concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Combinations of an extended-spectrum cephalosporin with vancomycin were not synergistic. Meropenem had a comparable bactericidal activity to those combinations, and its killing activity was not affected by the addition of cefotaxime, ceftriaxone or vancomycin. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; It is suggested that meropenem could be an effective alternative for the treatment of penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. However, more clinical data are required before it can be recommended as an effective antimicrobial agent for such cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000007302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T15:42:49Z","timestamp":1050421369000},"page":"303-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Time-Kill Studies of Antimicrobial Combinations Including Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin and Meropenem against Cephalosporin-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;\/i&gt;"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Baek-Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Hee","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiso","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Na","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chik Hyun","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408113310607"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703063361007"}],"container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/7302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/7302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:39:04Z","timestamp":1745469544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000007302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000]]},"references-count":2,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000007302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-3157","1421-9794"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0009-3157"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9794"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000]]}}}