{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:44:52Z","timestamp":1761630292130,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":2,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Increased production of a vascular permeability factor (VPF) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) has been reported. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), both produced by T-helper type-2 cells, are cytokines with the capacity to downregulate proinflammatory responses. To gain insight into the immunoregulatory properties of these cytokines, we analyzed the effects of recombinant human IL-4 and IL-10 on VPF release in MCNS patients. In the present study we show that the regulatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 are potent inhibitors of the VPF activity of concanavalin A-activated MCNS PBMC. Each cytokine was found to suppress VPF release in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, when used at suboptimal concentrations, a combination of the two cytokines resulted in enhanced suppression of VPF release. Neutralization of endogenously produced IL-4 and IL-10 by both anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-10 antibodies resulted in an increased release of VPF. These data demonstrate that IL-4 acts in concert with IL-10 to inhibit VPF release and suggest that they are effective biologic regulators of the VPF responses in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000013420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T15:43:24Z","timestamp":1050421404000},"page":"21-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Interleukin-4 Cooperates with Interleukin-10 to Inhibit Vascular Permeability Factor Release by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Minimal-Change Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Koichi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuo","family":"Kanmatsuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,22]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604043341402"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.3.1041"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/13420","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/13420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T05:03:15Z","timestamp":1745470995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000013420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"references-count":2,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000013420","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0250-8095","1421-9670"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0250-8095"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9670"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999]]}}}