{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:14:48Z","timestamp":1745554488494,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,2]],"date-time":"1998-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":912556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,2]],"date-time":"1998-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":912556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We undertook a case-control study of premature infants who developed clinically significant, severe pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in the presurfactant and surfactant eras to learn more about the cause of severe PH and whether the pathogenesis of severe PH has changed with the advent of surfactant therapy. Severe PH was defined as an acute onset of severe endotracheal bleeding with an acute drop in hematocrit and the development of multilobar infiltrates on chest radiograph. Eleven premature infants from the presurfactant era population and 17 premature infants from the surfactant era population met the criteria for severe PH, all with gestational ages &lt;32 weeks and birth weights &lt;1,500 g (very low birth weight infants). These were each matched by gestational age, date of birth, birth order (for twins), and birth weight to 2 controls. The \nincidence of severe PH in infants of gestational age &lt;32 weeks was similar in the two eras (1.8% in the presurfactant era and 3.0% in the surfactant era). Severe PH was not associated with maternal characteristics such as drug use or prenatal care, pregnancy \ncomplications, evidence of intrauterine anoxia, hyaline membrane disease, frequency of \nendotracheal suctioning, or patent ductus arteriosus. Premature infants suffering from \nsevere PH in the presurfactant era required more delivery room resuscitation and had \nmore severe early respiratory disease during the first 12 h of life as compared with their \ncontrols. However, these differences were not present in the group from the surfactant \nera. Infants with severe PH were more likely to have birth weights below the third percentile for gestation (severe intrauterine growth restriction). The proportion of infants receiving surfactant, and the number of surfactant doses used, did not differ between severe-PH \ninfants and their controls in the surfactant era group. We conclude that severe intrauterine \ngrowth restriction represents a risk factor for severe PH in very low birth weight infants. \nThe introduction of surfactant therapy has not altered the incidence of severe PH, even \nthough it has apparently helped remove the severity of early lung disease as a risk factor. \nThe physiological basis of severe PH requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000014073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T15:43:24Z","timestamp":1050421404000},"page":"18-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Severe Pulmonary Hemorrhage in the Premature Newborn Infant: Analysis of Presurfactant and Surfactant Eras"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Krista R.","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HeberC.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92301-U"}],"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/14073","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/14073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T05:07:26Z","timestamp":1745471246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000014073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,2]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000014073","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1661-7800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1661-7819"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,2]]}}}