{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T23:42:32Z","timestamp":1747698152478,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":2,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tetanus toxoid (Ttd) was coupled to liposomes via glutaraldehyde. Intraperitoneal injection in BALB\/c mice with Ttd\u2013liposomes induced a substantial amount of anti\u2013Ttd IgG antibody production and an extremely low level of anti\u2013Ttd IgE antibody production. Mice immunized with Ttd\u2013liposomes were successfully protected against a subsequent challenge with a lethal dose of tetanus toxin (Ttx). On the other hand, aluminum hydroxide\u2013adsorbed Ttd (Ttd\u2013alum) and plain Ttd solution induced the production of both IgG and IgE antibodies against Ttd. Moreover, secondary immunization with Ttd\u2013liposomes in mice, in which anti\u2013Ttd IgE antibody production was induced by Ttd\u2013alum led to enhanced anti\u2013Ttd IgG and a limited anti\u2013Ttd IgE antibody production. When Ttd\u2013liposome preparation was lyophilized, the efficacy of Ttd\u2013liposomes was maintained for 6 months at 37\u00b0C, suggesting that this vaccine preparation would be stable without refrigeration. These results demonstrate the potential ability of Ttd\u2013liposome conjugates to produce a tetanus vaccine which provides protection against (Ttx) while inducing the least amount of anti\u2013Ttd IgE antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000023947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T10:10:37Z","timestamp":1050401437000},"page":"215-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Induction of Protection against Tetanus Toxin in Mice by Tetanus Toxoid\u2013Liposome Conjugate"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Seishiro","family":"Naito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Horino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Komiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motohide","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Ami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuriko","family":"Suzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunio","family":"Okuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Morokuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahito","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shouichi","family":"Nishinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsutoshi","family":"Komuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90046-N"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.7.1.145"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/23947","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/23947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:53:07Z","timestamp":1745470387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000023947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"references-count":2,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000023947","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-2438","1423-0097"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1018-2438"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0097"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998]]}}}