{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:39:29Z","timestamp":1762504769156,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, there are no ideal animal models for study of natural sensitization leading to IgE\u2013 and lymphocyte\u2013mediated hypersensitivities. We established such a model in which four BALB\/c mice were each sensitized by exposure to at least 16 mosquito Aedes aegypti bites, twice a week for 4 weeks. Four non\u2013exposed control mice were also studied. Mosquito A. aegypti head and thorax extract, saliva, and two recombinant salivary allergens (rAed a 1 and rAed a 2) were used in vitro as antigens. Intradermal tests were performed. Serum mosquito antigen\u2013specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and total IgE were measured by ELISA; specific IgE was measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). IgE responses to each antigen in the saliva were analyzed using Western blotting. Spleen lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed to determine the cell\u2013mediated hypersensitivity response. Antigen\u2013induced IL\u20134 and IFN\u2013\u03b3 production in the spleen lymphocytes were evaluated using ELISA. After 4 weeks, all 4 mosquito\u2013sensitized mice developed a positive immediate wheal 20 min after skin tests with mosquito antigens, and a positive delayed papule 24 h later, while control mice did not. Also, the sensitized mice had a positive PCA response, which correlated significantly with total IgE levels (r = 0.84, p&lt;0.05), confirming the presence of antigen\u2013specific IgE, while none of control mice had a positive response. Antigen\u2013specific IgG1, but not IgG2a, was increased in the sensitized mice (p&lt;0.01). Western blotting showed that 5 of the 8 antigens which elicited mouse IgE responses, including 2 major antigens, also elicited human IgE responses. The mean lymphocyte proliferation response to mosquito antigens also elicited human IgE responses. The mean lymphocyte proliferation response to mosquito antigens was significantly increased in the sensitized mice (p&lt;0.05). IL\u20134 production was significantly increased and IFN\u2013\u03b3 production was decreased, further suggesting that a Th2 immune response predominates despite the development of the delayed skin reaction. This new model of natural sensitization without using an adjuvant is potentially useful for the study of other allergic disorders as well as mosquito allergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000023955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T10:10:37Z","timestamp":1050401437000},"page":"269-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A Mouse Model of Mosquito Allergy for Study of Antigen\u2013Specific IgE and IgG Subclass Responses, Lymphocyte  Proliferation, and IL\u20134 and IFN\u2013\u00c1  Production"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Yong Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. Estelle R.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhikang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(91)90010-4"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000023907"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(66)90061-0"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.8.1.303"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.7.1.145"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/23955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/23955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:53:14Z","timestamp":1745470394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000023955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000023955","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-2438","1423-0097"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1018-2438"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0097"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998]]}}}